772 BEPOBT— 1893. 



chert are enclosed in the raised beach, and in one place a mass of chert and slate 

 cliff has been thrust over it, and thus the chert appears both above and below as 

 well as in the raised beach. Towards the eastern end of this beach the chert beds 

 become thinner and more impure and ferruginous, and the limestone beds become 

 thicker and more numerous. 



Portloe Point, Veryan. — Here several beds, varying from one to six inches in 

 thickness, are seen for 20 yards in the volcanic breccia (or ' trappean conglomerate ' 

 of De la Beche) associated with some small amount of shale and grit, more or less 

 decomposing from the presence of iron. Two small exposures are traced inland, 

 one of which is 600 yards west of Portloe Point. 



Pecunnen Cove, Gorran. — N.W. of the Dodman beds of chert are seen in 

 perpendicular thinly laminated crushed dark slates for 60 yards, accompanied by 

 numerous lenticles and bands of black quartzite and yellowish grey limestone. 



Inland exposures are traced at intervals in a line extending for five miles 

 inland from Pendoner Beach in a N.E. direction through the village of Veryan 

 to Tolcarne Mill, north of St. Michael Caerhays. These cherts on the mainland 

 are less pure than those in Mullion Island, and the structure of the individual 

 organism is destroyed. Some specimens show signs of great shearing and 

 crushing, and have no traces of radiolaria ; others show shearing with slight 

 traces of radiolaria, whilst others show no signs of crushing, and haAe clear round 

 spaces, evidently due to radiolaria. In many of the specimens examined a 

 considerable amount of ferric oxide has been formed by the decomposition and 

 oxidation of pyrites, and possibly also of feniferous carbonate. At Portloe Point 

 the chert appears to pass into quartz. 



The Meneage and Veryan cherts are associated with the well-known Ordovician 

 quartzites of those districts, and appear to lie immediately under them ; but the 

 sequence is not absolutely clear, and no typical fossils have yet been found in 

 the shales and slates with which the cherts are interbanded. 



TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 19. 



The following Papers and Reports were read : — 



1. A Discussion on Geological Education was Opened ly the Eeading of the 

 Following Papers hy Professors Cole and Lebodb. 



Geology in Secondary Education. 

 By Professor Grenville A. J. Cole, M.E.I.A., F.0.8. 



This paper is intended to be introductory to a discussion of the methods of 

 teaching geology, with a view to making the general results of research in that 

 science more accessible as a branch of education. 



The need for selection of subjects in modern education is fully admitted ; but 

 it is urged that, following on the study of elementary chemistry and physics, 

 geology forms a subject of such far-reaching importance that it should be included 

 in the general curriculum for boys and girls about the age of sixteen or seventeen. 



The utility, in a technical sense, of such knowledge is not here insisted on. 

 But everyone upon this earth should be capable of appreciating his surroundings, 

 and particularly the past history of life upon the globe, if he is to be able to pass 

 judgment upon current affairs, and to play his part as an individual organism. 



It is urged that geology is as fundamentally important as history, and tends to 

 modify very largely our conceptions of the relations between what is called 

 ' antiquity ' and ourselves. Besides this, in common with other natural sciences, 

 it encourages a love of truth where statements can be safely made, and of reserve 

 where assertions would be merely dogmatic. 



The course suggested for all pupils is one in which mineral details are eubor- 



