M 



ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 573 



tldivl' ydtl, huckleberry; no! mhohnu' mail (Bibes viscosinum), species of 

 o-ooseberry ; dqkdkop' (Fragaria virginieyisis), strawberry; g&pa'tetl (Shep- 

 hardia canadensis), soap-berry (little eaten by the Kooteoays, but much 

 by the Shushwaps) ; ndhok, Oregon grape (Berberis aquifolium) ; gij'tlwd 

 {Bosa pisocarpa) vose-hi-ps ; nupad'mutl (Vaccinium ccespitosum) . 



Roots : dgo'ivdtl (Allium cer)iuum), wild onion (eaten raw or boiled) ; 

 aitllcu'md (Lilium philadelphicum) , root of the orange lily; pu'lulu'tsd 

 (spec. ?), boiled and eaten ; ivu'nidtl (Heracleum lanatuni) ; ndsd'it {Cali- 

 chortus elegans), boiled and eaten; dgkitskdkam (spec.?); gutsko'kun 

 (spec. ?), chewed, but not eaten. 



Yaria: The mushroom, called wa'tdk d'qkdtld'qdes (frog's ?), is eaten 

 by the Blackfeet, but hardly ever by the Kootenays. The hairy tree- 

 mosses, known as d'ttld, emgo'thia (Evernia vulpina), are eaten after being 

 left in the ground under a hot fire for some days. 



The gum and inside bark of the larch g''6'stet (Larix occidentalis) are 

 much relished, as also is the sap exuding from the a'qkitstld'tlutld'tl, or 

 ' gum-wood.' 



For making tea the leaves of the shrubs called dqkotla'kpekd'nam 

 (Linncea borealis'), kitkdutU'ilkdao'mik, gdkldQd'puuk (Geanothtis sangui- 

 neus), gopdte' tluwok (Shephardia canadensis), gustlutld'tl (Juniperus 

 communis), md'ttd {Mentha canadensis). 



* 



Plants used Economically. 



From the fibre of a species of hemp d'qkotla'kpis (Apocynum canna- 

 hinum), fishing-lines, ropes, &c., are made. The spines of the hisyl'tin, or 

 wild- gooseberry, served as hooks for small fish. The bark of gldnuqtld' uwok 

 (Elcegmcs argentea) is used to make ropes for catching horses. The wood 

 of the maple, mitskek (Acer glabrum), was in the old days used to obtain 

 fire by friction. From the plant emgo'tlnd (Evernia vulpina), by boiling, 

 a red dye for moccasins, root-baskets, &c., is obtained, and the little seeds 

 called gdku'tlwan of the plant gdkH'tlwanmo'os (Purshia tridentata) furnished 

 a reddish dye. 



Plants Admired for their Smell or Beauty. 



The plant called dqku' oktlu' aund' Etet is much admired by the Kootenays 

 on account of its scent. They may often be seen applying it to their 

 nostrils, or, where it is found in great abundance, rolling about on the 

 ground in evident delight. They fill bags with the plant called and'nam 

 (Matricaria discoidea), and use them as pillows. The flowers of the 

 k'so'Vno'k'yok (Arenaria pungens) are much admired. The plant nisnd'pd'tl 

 (Oryzopsis asperifoliens) is thrown on the fire in large quantities on account 

 of its good smell. 



Medicinal Plants. 



The principal vegetable remedies of the Kootenays are as follows : — 

 For sore eyes : The inside bark of the birch, dqk'ud' tluwok (Betula 

 papyrifera), boiled ; the peeled and boiled root of the ndho'kowok, or 

 Oregon grape ; the bark of the shrub mo'kvjo'k (Cornus stolonifera) boiled ; 

 the root of the wu'mdtl macerated and boiled ; the plant ndmtld'sUk 

 (Cicuta maculata ?) pounded in a mortar ; the burnt leg bones of deer 

 pounded in a mortar. 



For horses the Indians chew the tops of the plant mitsko'kdtli't'nd 

 (Apocynum androscemifoliens), and spit it into the animal's eyes. 



