ON THE NOETH-WESTEBN TRIBES OF CANADA. 585 



having seen but a single case of caries, and that in a boy. The chins are, 

 as a rule, well formed, both in raen and women. The foreheads appear to 

 be broad and straight. In the case of an Indian (Andre) aged sixteen 

 the distance from chin to the hair-line was 187 millimetres. The glabella 

 is generally 3 to 4 of Broca. The superciliary ridges are quite prominent 

 in many cases. The faces seem broader than they really are, and the 

 cheekbones often prominent. The limbs appear to be well-shapen, but 

 in not a few cases the hands are rather large, the shoulders stooped, or 

 the legs bandy. 



To distinguish a Kootenay from an Indian of some other tribe maybe 

 at times difficult : mix one Shushwap amongst a few dozen Kootenays, 

 or vice versa, and he may remain perhaps undetected ; but arrange twenty 

 Kootenays in a line facing twenty Shushwaps or twenty Stonies, and the 

 great difference that really exists between them will flash on the observer 

 in a moment, and if another Shushwap or a Kootenay happens to come 

 along he will unhesitatingly be assigned to his proper place. The writer 

 had no difficulty in picking out two Crees from a number of Blackfeet, 

 who were in a line opposite a number of Kootenays. The ensemble of the 

 Blackfeet was broken by the presence of these two Crees, and the convic- 

 tion that they were not Blackfeet came at once. Many of the mistaken 

 theories of Indian origins and of the exact resemblances of far distant 

 tribes may arise from the fact that the observer who relates his experi- 

 ences has never seen, say, a hundred individuals of each, tribe drawn up 

 in line opposite each other, and been able to get, as it were, a mental 

 composite photograph of each ethnic group. When twenty Chinamen 

 and twenty Kootenays are placed opposite each other in like manner, no 

 one would for a moment judge them to be the same, or even similar. 



The tables opposite contain measurements of forty Upper Kootenays, 

 forty- nine Lower Kootenays, four Kootenay Metis, eleven Kootenay- 

 white Metis, making a total of 104 individuals, of ages ranging from two 

 to seventy years, and coming from all parts of the Kootenay country. 



The measurements were taken in a manner similar to that described 

 by Dr. Boas in 'Report,' 1891, p. 425, and the indices calculated in like 

 manner. Very few females could be measured on account of the prejudices 

 of the Indians. 



The measurements were as follows : — 



Height, standing. Distance from naso-frontal suture to 



,, of acromion. chin (height of face). 



,, „ point of second finger. Distance from naso-frontal suture to 



Finger-reach. between the lips (height of upper 



Height, sitting. part of face). 



Width between acromia. Width between zygomatic arches 



Length of head. (width of face). 



Breadtb of head. Height of nose. 



Width of nose. 



The length of the arm is obtained by subtracting the height of the 

 point of second finger from the height of the acromion. The weight, 

 which was obtainable in but few cases, is given to quarters of a pound, 

 from an excellent scale in the store of Mr. Galbraith. 



The ages, especially of the Upper Kootenays, may be relied upon as 

 being as nearly correct as possible, the margin of doubt being very small. 



