ON THE NORTH- flTESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 591 



The most interesoing points brought out iu the pronunciation of these words are : 



French : r = l; f (ph) =p ; j = s ; f=h. 



English: »- = Z; /=_p; l>=2' ! <^ = * ! cr = tl; sh = s; g = li; r = n; th=f ; and 

 amongst the vowel sounds English i='e. 



We have also Kootenay tl'i'Jiajjo' - liliapd' (French, le capof). 



In this report the accent is marked thus, ', the sign immediately following the 

 syllable accented. 



Grammar. 

 noun. gender. 



Grammatical gender does not exist in Kootenay. Some words are used of males 

 and females alike, with no change of form, cfj. : — 



tlu tlumil'tl == widow ; widower. 

 nd'nkd = orphan (boy or girl), 

 tUM'nm = intant (boy or girl). 



Gender is distinguished in the following ways : — 



1. By the use of entirely different words for the male and female : — 



Buffalo bull, ni'tltslh. Elk (male), Ui'tlh-WtU. 



cow, tlu'kpu. „ (female), tWrnu. 



2. By suffixing or (rarely) prefixing liK'skd (male) and stu'hwatl (female) :— 



Duck (male), mallard, ka'nJi-usWik-ak ks'sku. 



„ (female), „ sto'kwdtl. ^ 



Horse, h'a'tlaaa'Etltsin kii'sJio. 

 Mare, „ stu'kwatl. 



H. Where no ambiguity is liable to occur, the terms JcE'sJiO = ' male, boy, horse , 

 dog,' kc.,a,ndsto'k)vcitl=' girl, female, mare, bitch,' &c., are employed without the 

 class-noun. 



NOUN. DECLENSION. 

 The Kootenay noun has an indefinite form in -nam (-nam, -nam) thus : — 



tita'ndm, father (of a man). 

 su'iulm, father (of a woman). 

 aqJiitlA'ndm, a house. 



This -nam does not appear in all words, and some of the Indians never use it 

 with the word wdtW ndh (tongue), for example, while others do. It may be that its 

 use was formerly more extensive than at present, as the existence of the Lower 

 Kooten&j 2)ddl]d' nam (woman), titk'd'tuniTin (man), seems to indicate. 



The uses of a definite article or demonstrative adjective are in some way served by 

 the particle tcin or tssn. Thus : — 



tcin 7ii'tMu = iron, i.e., the metal. 



tSEn dqjds'md'ldnih = Indians, i.e., the men. 



The substantive seems to have an uninflected and an inflected form, which ap- 

 parently can be used interchangeably. (The initials U.K. and L.K. stand for Upper 

 and Lower Kootenay.) 



