ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 601 



object, or as the complementary object, of verbs, where the incorporated pronoun 

 does not occur ; thus : — 



ipi'tlne ne'is thVntlas. He kills him the grizzly. 

 ipi'tlnd nS'is na'aanus. He kills him. the caribou. 



The subject pronouns used with verbs are : — 



ho . . . we = I. ho . . . 7iatld'(ne') = -vr&. 



hin . . . «e = thou. hin . . . nishe' tine = yon.. 



— ... 716' = he, — ... we = they. 



It is interesting to note that, in the past and future tenses of the verb, the first 

 personal pronoun seems to be gu- (Jtii), e.g. : — 



gutsQd'tlij?, ' I will kill ' ; md'Mdstld'ketl, ' I loved.' 



The incorporative forms of the personal pronouns as objects have been given by 

 Dr. Boas (' Report,' 1889), and the examples given below in treating of the verb will 

 suffice to illustrate their use. 



ADVEEBS. 

 The position of adverbs in the sentence varies, as the following examples show : — 



Pi'hahs i'pine kd'md. Long ago my mother died. 



O'paane dll'nis 7ia'Qanes. He sees the caribou on the other side. 



Ta'cias tcina'Qd tvVtlnann. He went off early in the morning. 



KaM'ne shi'nMts : 'u'smihlia'min.' Said the coyote : ' I [will go] first.' 



Klt'dnmV yit wVtlndm MM'tlne ti'tlndmu'is sld'nMlts. The next day early the 



coyote spoke to his wife. 

 Kana'QB ski'nMts o' smelts. The coyote goes first. 



Adverbs may or may not take the inflectional suffix -s. One can say, for example, 

 pi'hdk Valine kd'md oi jii'kaks i'j)ine kd'md. The exact rule for the use of this suffix is 

 not apparent. 



I. Time : tld'a, outside. 



Pe'Mk or fJi'Mk, long ago. na'Etd, high, up. 



wi'niki'tine, it is long since. « mm, down. 



tdqta', by-and-by. t^'^/'i' across on the other side. 



rJta'Qd, now. ^'"'^'^ '«*^«*' <1°^^ ^t^^^am. 



a'qMnml'ylt, always, every day. jy_ interrogation : 

 kanvilyit, to-morrow. 



nd' hdsd'n7neiji'tke, to-da,y. hWa, where? 



md'tlkwd, yesterday. k'd'ken, whither ? 



nn'thidm, early. '«'««> where is ? 



k'd'j)si(7i), what ? why 7 



II, Repetition : k'd'k'sain), how mucli ? how many 



tld, again. -rr ao^ x- j.- 



«'!?Ae, again, more, ^- Affirmation, negation : 



TTT TJ1 A- i-- ma'aa, no, 



III, Place, direction : ^,^.,^^^^ ^^ 



Tid, here. qS, yes, certainly. 



ne, there, na'qk-an, perhaps. 



Adverbial offices are also performed by certain prefixes and suffixes, and by letters 

 attached to the verb. These are discussed elsewhere. 



Iterative Adverb. 



The adverb tld is nsed with compound numerals and with verbs denoting repeated 

 action, e.g. : — 



e'tumo' tld o'kwe, ' eleven ' (lit. ' ten again one '). 

 b'kctlEtsEku'su'kd, ' one and a half ' (lit. ♦ one again piece '). 

 tld' wane' ne, ' it bobs up and down.' 

 tldwa'qe, ' he returns.' 

 tld'tcina'ae, ' he goes away again.' 



