i 



ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 611 



must be given at present without an exact knowledge of the import of these other 

 affixes : — 



with -te- : aqlitv'mdtl, fire-flint. 



Id'tiiiiu'stc'mOtl, mirror. 



gl'tKmu'tltlvpltu'jrtcdte' mutl, yeast, 

 with -h-il- : gV tuMUtlkd' mutl, pen, pencil. 



ga'kuQuimlk-a' mutl, weighing-scales. 



kpitsk-d'mutl, scj'the. 



Idka'wolfd'inotl, tobacco-cutter, 

 with -k'O- : gdfflfv'mutl, key of metal. 



ijana'nlvdmu'il, broom. 



h'toukt Id 'ill JrCi'iii utl, auger. 



liitkr'Uwitchfi' iiuifl, nail, 

 with -Qu- : Idtd.'kdpQd'motl, stick for beating on log. 



Mtd'moQu' mdtl, drumstick. 



qitu'ktlitQo'mdtl, branding-iron, 

 with -7ie- : jtl'tcvkd' nc'mutl, fork. 



ki't-isii.'kwdkme'motl, handkerchief. 



kik'tii'kuihd'mvtl, soap. 



kikd'koni'Qd?ie'motl, towel. 

 with -ti'te- : gOpko'wdtlikd'nate'timotl, broom. 



kdnkd'tlmukrvdti'temotl, candle. 



kdml'tQdtlti'temutl, hammer of gun. 



kHce'ika'tltliti'temotl,r[ia.-^. 



gitkd'tltliti'tEmutl, scissors. 



The following list of derivatives from one radical will serve to show the power of 

 word-formation which the language possesses, and the distinction which it is able to 

 make between somewhat similar objects, while considering them all at bottom from 

 the same fundamental root : — 



From radical k'tcok or k'tsuk, to pierce : 

 auger, k'tcuktld'ink'u'mvtl. 

 borer, k'tso'kutl. 

 fork, Ktcfi' ku' ne' motl. 

 sword, k''tsu'kut6'ydtl. 



DIALECTIC DIFFERENCES. 



It can scarcely be said that there are two well-marked Kootenay 'dialects.' 

 Considered in the light of the fact that the entire grammar of the two tribes is the 

 same, such differences as do exist between the speech of the Upper and that of the 

 Lower Kootenays might better be termed ' provincialisms.' 



The peculiarities of the Lower Kootenay language as compared with the Upper 

 Kootenay are as follows : — 



I. Phonetics. — The Lower Kootenays speak more rapidly and have a tendency to 

 syncopate words, which retain a purer form amongst the Upper Kootenays. This is 

 seen in the words for coat, leggings, skunk. In some cases monosyllables with long 

 vowels are produced by the contraction of dissyllables, e.g., tds = ta'Qas (enough). 

 Certain vowel-substitutions are made. Thus, in all the Lower Kootenay words in 

 which the suffix -niu'yit of the Upper Kootenay appears, it is uniformly pronounced 

 -mOiiit or -tim'yit. This -mu'yit is, however, occasionally heard amongst the Upper 

 Kootenays. Another case of vowel difference is Upper Kootenay o/^tZ'i = Lower 

 Kootenay ipd't (white fish). 



The tl (explosive I) of the Upper Kootenays is represented always in Lower 

 Kootenay by dl (palatal-dorso-apical ; see ' Report,' 1889, p. 802). Thus :— 



Upper Kootenay. Lower Kootenay. English. 



tle'ne dlv'ne across 



oni'tlne dni'dlne afraid (he is) 



gu'tlwd gii'dlwd apple 



aqk-u'tldk uqko'dldk beef 



nnse'ydtl n-ise'yddl sweat-house 



It n 2 



