616 REl'OET 1892. 



persons, representing eighty-nine of the leading castes and tribes of 

 northern India, from the Bay of Bengal to the frontiers of Afghanistan. 



The cost of this important work has been defrayed by the Indian 

 Government, and the ' OfBcial Edition,' from which this report has been 

 compiled, has been circulated for criticism. 



Through the agency of the district officers, supplemented by a good 

 deal of personal inquiry and correspondence, Mr. fiisley was enabled to 

 secure the services of 190 correspondents scattered over every district 

 of Bengal, and communicating in their turn with an indefinite number 

 of representatives of the tribes and castes which formed the subjects of 

 inquiry. 



The measurements were taken almost entirely by three Indian gentle- 

 men — two Hindoos and one Mahomedan — who had been instructed by 

 Mr. Risley himself in the use of the instruments. The following obser- 

 vations were recorded: (1) Name of subject; (2) district of birth; (3) 

 age; (4) nasal height; (5) nasal width; (6) bimalar breadth; (7) 

 nasomalar breadth ; (8) cephalic length ; (9) cephalic breadth ; (10) 

 minimum frontal breadth; (11) minimum bizygomatic breadth; (12) 

 height, vertex to intersuperciliary point ; (13) height, vertex to 

 tragus; (14) height, vertex to chin; (15) stature in cm. ; (16) weight 

 in grammes; (17) facial angle. The data thus obtained enable us to 

 distinguish three types, called, by Mr. Risley, Aryan, Dravidian, and 

 Mongoloid. 



The Aryan type, as we find it in India at the present day, is marked 

 by a relatively long (dolichocephalic) head ; a straight, finely cut (lepto- 

 rhine) nose ; a long, symmetrically nai'row face ; a well-developed fore- 

 head, regular features, and a high facial angle. The stature is fairly 

 high, ranging from 1,716 millimetres in the Sikhs of the Panjab to 

 1,656 in the Brahmans of Bengal; and the general build of the figure 

 is well-proportioned and slender rather than massive. 



In the Dravidian type the form of the head usually inclines to be 

 dolichocephalic, but all other characters present a marked contrast to 

 the Aryan. The nose is thick and broad, and its index is higher than 

 in any known race except the Negro. The facial angle is comparatively 

 low ; the lips are thick ; the face wide and fleshy ; the features coarse 

 and irregular. The average stature ranges from 1,562 to 1,621 milli- 

 metres ; the figure is squat and the limbs sturdy. 



The Mongoloid type, which in some respects may be looked upon as 

 intermediate between these two, while in other, and perhaps the most 

 important, points it can hardly be deemed Indian at all, is found along 

 the northern and eastern borders of Bengal. Its most prominent charac- 

 ters are a relatively short (brachycephalic) head ; a broad face ; a short, 

 wide nose, very low in the bridge, and in extreme cases almost bridgeless ; 

 high and projecting cheekbones, and eyelids peculiarly formed so as to 

 give the impression that the eyes are obliquely set in the head. 



By applying to the entire series the nasal index, which Professors 

 Flower and Topinard agree in regarding as the best of race distinctions, 

 some remarkable results are arrived at. The average nasal proportions 

 of the Male Paharia, one of the most characteristic of the Dravidian 

 tribes, are expressed by the figure 94*5, while the pastoral Gujars of the 

 Panjab have an index of 66'9, the Sikhs of 68'8, and the Bengal Brah- 

 mans and Kayasths of 70'4. In other words, the typical Dravidian, as 

 represented by the Male Paharia, has a nose as broad in proportion to 



