882 BEPORT— 1892. 



Paris, and many other cities have adopted this method (and according to the latest 

 accounts) with great success. 



Land treatment would be best effected by pumping up the sewage from the 

 north side at Abbey Mills to an elevation of about 50 or 60 feet above ordnance 

 datum, and conveying it by a conduit passing along the contour ; an area of land 

 of over 50,000 acres would be thus available for the selection of farms. The 

 termination of this conduit might be made either at Hole Haven or at some con- 

 venient place on the river Crouch, and there such liquid as was not used on the 

 land could be disposed of either chemically or in any other manner thought advis- 

 able. 



It is to be borne in mind that if a portion of the rain is carried direct to the 

 river, as has been suggested, the liqiiid in the sewers will be less in quantity and not 

 so variable, whilst it will be more concentrated, and hence better suited for placing 

 on laud. 



In Sir B. Baker's and Mr. Binnie's report one of the suggestions for the future 

 alleviation of the discharge of sewage into the Thames at the present outfalls is the 

 construction of a new outfall sewer from Barking to Shell Haven. 



If some modification were made in the laying out of this, it could be arranged 

 for a commencement of a land treatment. 



The London ratepayers are not so much aSected by the unsanitary condition 

 of the river as other persons and interests outside the boundary of the London 

 County Council's jurisdiction ; consequently it would seem that the London sewage 

 system should be controlled by a trust or corporation which should include 

 representatives of all the different and various interests which are affected by the 

 disposal of the London sewage ; such as the ratepayers of Loudon (represented by 

 the London County Council), the traders, dockowners, shipowners, manufacturers 

 (represented by the Loudon Chamber of Commerce), and residents along the 

 shores of the river, and all who are affected by the sewage. 



With regard to the important question of ways and means, in addition to the 

 amount which the London County Council can procure from the ratepayers, a 

 further revenue might be obtained by taxing all persons, manufacturers, dock and, 

 ship owners who foul the river in any way. Such arrangement would doubly assist 

 to purify the Thames. 



7. City Sanitation as practically conducted in Edinburgh. 

 By John Cooper, Assoc.M.Inst.G.E. 



The intention of the author in submitting this paper is to give a short review, 

 chiefly from an engineering standpoint, of the sanitary equipment of the city of 

 Edinburgh, and the methods which have been and are being pursued by the civic 

 authorities for the health, comfort, and convenience of the community. 



I. Edinburgh : its population ; area ; public parks : density of population ; 

 death-rate ; administrative and executive machinery ; rateable value ; taxes. 



II. Edinburgh and district water supply ; composition of Board of Water Trust ; 

 short account of successive schemes of supply ; sources, area, and amount of supply; 

 quality of water ; extent to which water is used for sanitary purposes ; description 

 of additional supply proposed. (Illustrated with maps.) 



III. The sewage systems of Edinburgh ; the physical advantages of Edinburgh 

 for efficient drainage and sewage disposal ; natural divisions and outlets { kind of 

 sewers ; gradients ; amount of sewage discharged daily ; points of discharge ; sewage 

 as applied to land by surface irrigation ; Craigentinny meadows ; short account of 

 same; methods of application of sewage ; crops; profits; costs of attendance ; amount 

 of outlay during the last ten years in forming large sewers aud sewage outfalls, 

 &c. (Illustrated with maps.) 



IV. Water of Leith purification aud sewerage scheme ; the insanitary condition 

 of this river owing to pollution landward and urban, and its effect upon Edin- 

 burgh and Leith ; the principles of the purification scheme presently being carried 

 out ; composition of the Board of Commissioners charged with the carrying out 

 of the scheme ; the extent aud nature of the works ; cost of same ; how levied ; 



