THE BULBULS OF NORTH CACHAtl. 7 



I have never heard this bird attering any song, indeed most of its 

 cries are very harsli and loud, tliougli it has one rather sweet loud 

 note wliicli it frequently uses, unfortunately nearly always in con- 

 junction with many others far less pleasant. 



Its flight, for a bulbul's, is strong and very direct, but it seems 

 seldom to make use of its wings for any distance at a time. It is 

 found principally on the outskirts of heavy and in the interior of light 

 forest, generally selecting ground with a considerable amount of 

 undergowth. 



I have never seen it below 2,500 feet except in the cold weather ; it 

 appears to be most common between three and four thousand feet at that 

 season, ascending higher during the breeding time, when it may be 

 obtained on the very highest peaks. 



Flemixus flavala. 



Brown-eared Bulbul. 



Jerdon B. of In. No. 448, Vol I., p. 80. Gates' B. B. B. No. 272, 

 Vol. I, p. 175; id. Avifauna of B. L; Vol I., p. 263. Murray's 

 Avifauna of B. I., Vol II., p> 20. 



Dhsckiption. — Head grey, the feathers centred darker ; remainder 

 of upper plumage, lesser and median wing-coVerts dark grey ; in 

 some birds the upper tail-coverts are tinged with olive-yellow but in 

 most they are quite plain grey ; greater wing-coVerts dark grey with 

 nearly the whole of the outer Webs olive-yellow; primaries brown, 

 all but the first three narrowly edged with olive-yellow, secondaries 

 the same but with the yelloW margins broader, whilst in the inner 

 secondaries the greater portion of the outer webs are of this colour. 

 The tail is of a rather lighter brown than the wing^ the feathers 

 being margined with yellow in the same Way as the wing quills. 

 Lores and cheeks velvety-black ; ear-coverts golden -haii-'brown ; chin 

 and upper throat white ; breast and flanks grey, of a paler shade 

 than the back and fading to white on the abdomwi ; under tail- 

 coverts white. 



Some birds have the under parts tinged with flavescent during the 

 cold weather, it is always, though, extremely faint. 



The female, though not much shorter, is a much more slender bird, 

 and the crest, also, never appears to be so well developed. 



