THE BULBULS OF NORTH C A CHAR. 11 



pale straw -white, legs and feet dull deep flesh-colour, iris red-brown 

 to pure vandyke-brown. 



Length 8-4' ; wing 37'', tail 3-9" ; biU at front S^" and from gape 

 7-5* ; tarsus 7-5*. 



The woodcut representing the head of this bird in the Blandford 

 series Avifauna, makes the crest too bushy and the feathers not long 

 enough or suiBeiently pointed. The crest is more like that depicted 

 in the woodcut of Hypsipetes psaraides. The hairs springing from 

 the nape are rather numerous in this species, the nostrils are 

 almost concealed. 



. NiDiFiCATioN. — The nests that I have taken of this bird differ from 

 those of any other bulbul. The material of which they are made 

 consists almost entirely of coarse and strong tendrils with perhaps 

 a few fine elastic twigs added here and there. There is seldom any 

 lining beyond a few scraps of withered bracken ; but I have noticed 

 that the tendrils used for the inner portion of the nest are generally 

 finer than those used for the outer portion ; another peculiarity is that 

 the inner tendrils are usually of a reddish colour, whilst those of the 

 outside are of different shades of brown, pale enough to contrast with 

 the former. The nests are fairly strong, but by no means tidy, the 

 tendrils hanging in festoons all about them. A nest, now before 

 me and taken on the 5th May thi& year, measures internally about 

 2*7' in diameter by 1* in depth. It is an exact miniature of nesta 

 of the genus lanthocincla, especially rufogularis. All the nests I 

 have taken have been placed in scraggy bushes and sapplings at 

 heights varying from five to ten feet from the ground ; they are 

 generall}'- fixed in between several upright twigs, sometimes in a 

 stoutish fork. 



I have never taken a nest below 4,000 feet, and the majority have 

 been found at over 5,400 ; they breed in considerable numbers on the 

 Hungrum peak. 



The earliest date on which I have taken eggs was on the 30 th 

 April this year (1891) ; my latest dates recorded are the 16th June 

 1890, and 16th June, 1888. The eggs vary very greatly in colour^ 

 but the type most often found is as follows : — Ground-colour pale 

 pink freckled all over with primary spots of dull reddish and under- 

 lying ones of pale dusky and purplish : these markings generally tend 



