126 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, 1892- 



Irides bright pale yellow; bill dark horny^ culmen and tip almost 

 black, and tlie gape dull yellowisli; legs brown or grey-brown. 



Length 7-8 in. ; tail 3'5 in, ; wing 3*4 in. ; bill at front '5 in., from 

 gape '75 in. 



Female, length 7-3 in. ; tail 3'3in. ; wing 3*2 in. 



The female only differs from the male in having the yellow of the 

 lower plumage less bright, and in having the flanks tinged with 

 olive-green. The young male cannot be distinguished from an 

 adult female. 



NiDiFiCATioN. — The nest of this bulbul can, as a rule, be distin- 

 guished at a glance from that of any other member of the family by 

 its colour and shape. 



The first nest I ever saw was built in an old orange tree in my 

 garden. When found, it contained an egg, so that I cannot tell 

 what was the length of time taken in its construction, beyond 

 the fact that it took under twenty-five days, that being the time 

 I had been away in camp, and when I went out it had not been 

 commenced. It was a very neat nest, and for the size of the bird 

 very small. The outer part of the walls were composed entirely of 

 dead orange leaves, all these being of different tints of olive-yellow 

 and bright olive-brown, much the same colour, as a whole, as the 

 upper plumage of the bird. These leaves were wound round and 

 interlaced by rather thick shreds of bark, one or two elastic twigs 

 and a single stalk of some weed ; in addition, it was further strength- 

 ened by cobwebs here and there all round. Inside this outer wall 

 was a rough lining of coarse grass stems, fine twigs, and fern roots, 

 and within this again was the true lining, consisting entirely of 

 mithna hair, easily recognized by its deep-purple tint. This nest 

 was in every way but one quite a typical specimen, the exception 

 being in the lining. This is, in nine cases out of ten, composed only 

 of the finer stems of tan-coloured grasses, whilst in the tenth case it 

 may be of fine moss roots or some other vegetable fibre. 



As already remarked, this nest was rather smaller than usual. 

 The dimensions were as follows : — Diameter at broadest part 4 in. j 

 at the top where there were no leaves 2'98 in., in depth ]'45 in., 

 and internally 1°76 in. by "75 in. The contrast of the bright yellow 

 leaves with the green of the bush was very marked, and the nest 



