8 INHUMATION— CADDOES. 



the valuables belonging to the deceased are placed with the body in the 

 grave. With the man are deposited his bows and arrows or gun, and with 

 the woman her cooking utensils and other implements of her toil Over 

 the body sticks are placed six or eight inches deep and grass over these, so 

 that when the earth is filled in it need not come in contact with the body 

 or its trappings. After the grave is filled with earth a pen of poles is built 

 around it, or, as is frequently the case, stakes are driven so that they cross 

 each other from either side about midway over the grave, thus forming a 

 complete protection from the invasion of wild animals. After all this is 

 done, the grass or other debris is carefully scraped from about the grave 

 for several feet, so that the ground is left smooth and clean. It is seldom 

 the case that the relatives accompany the remains to the grave, but they 

 more often employ others to bury the body for them, usually women. 

 Mourning is similar in this tribe as in others, and consists in cutting off the 

 hair, fasting, &c. Horses are also killed at the grave." 



The Caddoes, Ascena, or Timber Indians, as they call themselves, 

 follow nearly the same mode of burial as the Wichitas, but one custom pre- 

 vailing is worthy of mention. 



" If a Caddo is killed in battle, the body is never buried, but is left to 

 be devoured by beasts or birds of prey, and the condition of such individ- 

 uals in the other world is considered to be far better than that of persons 

 dying a natural death." 



In a work by Bruhier* the following remarks, freely translated by 

 the writer, may be found, which note a custom having great similarity to 

 the exposure of bodies to wild beasts mentioned above : 



" The ancient Persians threw out the bodies of their dead on the roads, 

 and if they were promptly devoured by wihi beasts it was esteemed a great 

 honor, a misfortune if not. Sometimes they interred, always wrapping the 

 dead in a wax cloth to prevent odor." 



M. Pierre Muret,f from whose book Bruhier probably obtained his 

 information, gives at considerable length an account of this peculiar method 

 of treating the dead among the Persians, as follows : 



" It is a matter of astonishment, considering the Persians have ever had 



* L'incertitucle des Sigiies do la Mort, 1740, torn l,p. 439. 

 t Kites of Funeral, Ancient and Modern, 1683, p. 45. 



