ARCHAOLOGICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN CRETE, 227 
years, one or two were certainly younger than this. It follows that 
the value of the head-length as provided by these Greeks is not precisely 
comparable with that of the Cretans of Sitia. Some elongation of the 
heads of the Greeks would certainly have to be allowed for, although 
I do not believe it would amount to more than 5 mm. in any case, and 
would probably be about 3 mm. on the average. . (On the other hand, 
the stature, which is not given, does not cause any complication in 
this comparison.) On the whole, therefore, there is some suggestion 
of an armenoid element even in the Peloponnese. If this were substan- 
tiated, the result would be extremely interesting, for it is almost certain 
that the armenoid and illyrian types would be in contact much more 
closely in Greece than iri Crete, where, as Mr. Hawes has shown, they 
are separated by a zone occupied by a dolichocephalic element identified 
with the Mediterranean type.* An investigation of the inhabitants of 
Eubcea might be very instructive in this connection. Before passing 
to the second part of this Report, I must refer to the question of 
the change in head-form observed in the eastern parts of Crete when 
the Minoan population is compared with the modern one. Whether 
it be armenoid or illyrian, an intrusive element seems accountable for 
the observed change. The possibility of an evolutionary change whereby 
dolichocephalic ancestors were succeeded by broader-headed descendants 
is not indicated—and, indeed, is conira-indicated. If high altitudes 
tend to produce brachycephalic proportions, Crete is an'exception to 
the rule. But this aspect of the subject can be discussed so exhaustively 
by Mr. Hawes that I need do no more than mention it in this place. 
Part II.—The Craniology of the Ancient Inhabitants of Palaikastro and 
its Neighbourhood (with an Appendix containing detailed accounts 
of all the ancient crania examined in 1903). 
On the Craniology of the Prehistoric Inhabitants of Crete. 
In the report furnished by me to the Cretan Committee in 1903, I 
gave a summary of the results of my measurements of the human 
crania in the Museum at Candia. Those crania comprised a series of 
sixteen specimens from an ossuary of Minoan antiquity at Palaikastro. 
In the course of my work at Palaikastro a good many more crania came 
to light, and together with those from Patema and Agios Nikolaos, a 
collection amounting to about one hundred was available for study. 
These ancient Cretans showed a great preponderance of dolicho- 
cephali, and indeed it is fair to say that they establish the fact of this 
preponderance for the epoch they represent. But the mesaticephalic 
and brachycephalic elements are not negligible, and the present report 
deals with the latter, viz., the brachycephali. In the light of Mr. 
Hawes’ work (to which reference is made in Part I. of this report), it 
became urgent to examine the brachycephalic crania of the Minoan 
series as minutely as possible. 
I have appended to this account a series of notes made by me in 
1903 on the specimens under consideration, but I have divided the 
Appendix into two parts, having segregated from the rest all crania 
5 Cf. Hawes, Annual of the British School at Athens, loc. cit., p. 279. 
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