ARCHHOLOGICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN CRETE. 235 
Sex: probably male, though this must remain uncertain. 
Age: advanced, but not senile ; the sagittal, coronal, and lambdoid sutures 
are closed by synostosis. 
Norma verticalis : uniformly rounded and of a low degree of brachycephaly ; 
it was almost certainly cryptozygous. 
Norma lateralis : brow-ridges not prominent ; frontal curve rises abruptly 
and attains its highest point 4 or 5 cm. behind the bregma (cf. 
Armenoid-typus of v. Luschan); slight annular compression round 
coronal suture (this is in favour of female sex). The occipital region is 
generally flattened, but actually the surface is interrupted by a series of 
slight elevations and depressions. 
Norma facialis: transverse are regular and fully rounded, the cranial width 
is great in the region of the alisphenoid. 
Norma basilaris: glenoid fosse deep; tympanics imperforate. 
Norma occipitalis: contour rounded; mastoids appear large, and project 
strongly downwards. 
13D. Palaikastro.—A calvaria, without a base, face, or mandible. 
Sex: male. 
Age: advanced, yet not senile. 
General remarks: the skull is rather larger, and is distinctly broader than 
the preceding specimens (No. 2D had not been unpacked then). The 
parietal eminences stand out clearly and give the skull a rhomboid 
appearance ; the frontal region is less well developed, and the parietal 
region is better developed than in the other skulls, which are longer and 
narrower. It resembles some Polynesian crania. It tends towards 
mesaticephaly (the index is 74-2). 
Norma verticalis: length moderate, outline rhomboidal, with marked 
parietal eminences ; skull was probably just phenozygous. Synos- 
tosis almost complete in the sagittal suture and far advanced in the 
coronal suture. Muscular ridges are indistinct on account of the 
‘ weathering ’ of the bones. 
Norma lateralis: very prominent brow ridges, and large massive mastoid 
processes; the external occipital protuberance is on the contrary 
inconspicuous. The median sagittal curve attains its maximum 
elevation about 5 cm. behind the bregma. There is an area of 
flattening in front of each parietal eminence ; the calvaria is therefore 
slightly ‘ ill-filled.’ 
Norma facialis: the transverse frontal arc is well rounded, but the trans- 
verse arc behind the bregma is interrupted, and a slightly scaphoid 
outline results. 
Norma basilaris: the tympanics are imperforate; endocranial synostosis 
is far advanced. 
Norma occipitalis: the outline is pentagonal: large elongated mastoid 
processes extend downwards clear of the cranial base. 
19D. Sapyos, Mycenaan.—A fragile skull with its mandible; the 
outer margin of the right orbit is fractured. 
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Sex: male. 
Age: adult—synostosis is advanced in the sagittal suture near the obelion, 
and in the coronal suture just above the pterion. 
Norma verticalis: brachycephalic (breadth-index 81-7), cryptozygous, and 
slightly plagiocephalic, owing to flattening on the right side. 
Norma lateralis : brow-ridges moderate, profile orthognathous, slight occi- 
pital, renflement, mastoid processes small. 
Norma facialis: the plagiocephalic character is very evident in the form of 
the transverse cranial arch, the face is broad, the orbits megaseme, the 
nasal aperture leptorrhine, with slight prenasal grooves. 
Norma basilaris: the palate is elliptical, both tympanic bones are per- 
forated; the last molar teeth are small, their three roots being fused into 
one in the upper jaw. The third lower molars have two roots (as usual). 
Norma occipitalis : the contour is pentagonal, the plagiocephalic asymmetry 
not being noticed. 
