ARCHZOLOGICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN CRETE. 259 
Table XIX.—This table requires the following comments :— 
With regard to complexion, the only point worth notice is the 
presence of freckled individuals in Greece and the absence of any record 
of their occurrence in Crete. For the rest the circumstances of 
existence in the Reformatory must be held largely accountable, so far 
as any contrasts appear. 
The hair offers few contrasts in point of colour, save that the 
occurrence of red hair seems rather more pronounced on the mainland. 
The eye-colour is distinctly darker among the Greek youths. The 
proportions of the face are not very different in the two areas. Such 
differences as the table suggests are negligible in view of the lesser age 
of the Greeks. Similar remarks apply to the characters of the cheek- 
bones. On the whole, then, the colour of the eyes offers the only 
reliable basis for argument as to differences between the Cretans and 
the population of the mainland and the nearest islands. 
Taste XX.—Greek Reformatory Youths: Head Dimensions compared with those of 
Adult Cretans. 
Locality Locality 
Greece | Crete as Greece | Crete 
1. Number . . |/980r99/} 200 Mesaticephalic %| 25-51 45 
2. Head length . | 183-6 186-27 Brachycephalic %| 71-43 42-5 
3. Head breadth . | 151-1 148-33 ||10. Standard devia-| 4-18 4-10f 
4. Cephalic index . | 82-5 79-6 tion of cephalic 
5. Head height . | 136-8 136-8 index 
6. Height index . | 74-7 73-5* Probable error . | +0-201 | +0-048 
7. Nasal height .| 52-9 54-2 11. Coefficient of vari-| 5-09 5-17} 
8. Nasal width . | 34-6 33-7 ation of cephalic 
9. Nasal index. . | 65-7 62-2* index 
Cephalic Index. Probable error . | +0-246 | +0-061 
Dolichocephalic %| 3-06 12 12. Age in years .| 19-1 Adult 
| 
* From mean values. + Data by Mr. Hawes from 1,600 adult males. 
B. Mean Values, Standard Deviation, and Coefficients. 
Table XX shows that the Greek youths have a greater frequency 
of brachycephaly than the Cretans. The latter are, however, from all 
parts of Crete. If the several provinces of Crete be compared with each 
other and with these Greek records, certain regions of Crete will show 
a frequency of brachycephaly surpassing that met with among these 
Greeks. Further discussion of this matter is reserved for the section 
dealing with the distribution of the various values of the cephalic index. 
The relative value of the vertical diameter of the head shows that 
the latter is more nearly spherical in the Greek youths. 
I ascribe the difference in the nasal index to the difference in age 
of the two series; at least, I am sure the factor of age is responsible 
for most of the difference observed. 
. The standard deviation is represented by a figure which is large 
in comparison with many of those now on record. I have worked out 
a number of comparable data, which will be found in a paper on 
s 2 
