260 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE.—1912. 
Sardinian craniology.2*, I must observe that the youth of the Greeks 
is no doubt partly responsible for the very high numerical values 
assigned to the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation. 
This factor is negligible in the case of the Cretans, who must be 
regarded therefore as the more variable, even though the actual figures 
do not indicate this. But both are to be regarded as very variable or 
as presenting the characters of a mixed stock of humanity. Apart 
from this, and taking the figures as they stand, the standard deviations 
provide a means of testing the value observed to obtain between the 
figures recorded for the cephalic index in the two series. Those values 
are respectively 82°5 (Greeks) and 79°6 (Cretans), or 79'°2 if we take 
Mr. Hawes’ mean value for 1,600 Cretans. The latter figure (792) 
is used since the standard deviation (41) is based upon it. The test is 
to compare the expression M, — M; (in this case 82°5 — 79°2, or 3°3) with 
0°6745 / 1" 4-72" _0-6745 x 0-434 = 0-293 
N, No 
That is, we have to compare 3°3 with 0°293. The former is more 
than thrice the amount of the latter, and on this account the difference 
between the Greeks and Cretans here observed is not accountable to 
‘random sampling,’ but to some real difference independent of the 
actual numbers of individuals measured. 
TABLE XXI.—Greek Reformatory Youths. 
| 2 
Character No. | Mean Eng o pl of C: sy tics = 
ae ae 2s 
Cephalic index . etl 98 82-5 | 0-285 | 4-18 | 0-201 | 5-09 | 0-246 | 0-178 
Head length ; . | 99 | 183-6 | 0-430 | 6-35 | 0-305 | 3-45 | 0-165 | 0-408 
Head breadth . . | 98 | 151-1 | 0-422 | 6-20 | 0-299 | 4-10 | 0-197 | 0-392 
Head height ; : 99 | 136-8 | 0-388 | 5-735 | 0-274 | 4-18 | 0-201 | 0-332 
Height index 4 ; 99 74-7 | 0-261 | 3-85 | 0-183 | 5:13 | 0-246 | 0-150 
Nasal height : 4 99 51-9 | 0-245 | 3-62 | 0-173 | 6-96 | 0-334 | 0-132 
Nasal width Savy 99 34-6 | 0-152 | 2-236 | 0-107 | 6-58 | 0-316 | 0-051 
Nasalindex. . . 99 65-7 | 0-421 | 6-21 | 0-298 | 9-41 | 0-450 | 0-390 
TaBLE XXII.—Correlations. 
Characters No. ay P.E. of ‘7’ 
ats 
Length: Breadth é ‘ 98 -+-0-086 0-0667 
Length: Height - . . 99 +0-1001 0-0667 
Breadth: Height : : 98 +0-255 0-0634 
Cephalic index: Length . 98 —0-630 0-0340 
Cephalic index: Breadth . 98 +0:746 0:0242 
Cephalic index: Nasal 98 +0-0573 0:0678 
index 
Nasal height: Nasal width 99 —0-0133 0-0677 
22 Published in the Zeitschrift fiir Morphologie und Anthropologie, Band xiii., 1911. 
