306 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE.—1912. 
APPENDIX. 
Note on Technical Terms used in this Report. 
l'ype- body, type-face, lateral shoulder, large-face.—The letters 
are cast on a ‘ ty pe- -body ’; the part of the type which actually leaves 
its impress is the ‘face.’ When the face is nearly as large as the 
body will carry, the type is ‘ large-face.’ The space on the upper 
surface of the body on each side of the face is the lateral ‘ shoulder.’ 
All one reads is the impress of the faces of the types. 
Serif.—A type in which each letter had only its bare necessary 
features would be ‘ without serif,’ the serifs being the terminals of 
the letters. If of proper design, the serifs guide the eye from letter 
to letter and give a balanced effect. In some styles the serifs take the 
form of purposeless ornament, which is undesirable in books which 
are intended for continuous reading. 
In condensed or compressed type the bodies are narrow, so that 
the letters are narrow and close together. Column 3 of the typo- 
graphical table excludes such type. 
Old face and modern face refer to styles of type. In the specimens 
in the Supplement the faults of the more extreme varieties of each have 
been avoided. 
¥ Heavy type, heavy fractions refer to type of which the lines are 
thick. 
Point is a unit of measurement=1/72 of an inch. Thus an 
eighteen-point type has a body one-quarter inch high. The face may 
be of any size smaller than the body. 
Solid and leaded.—If the types of consecutive lines are set with no 
vertical interval between the bodies, the type is ‘solid.’ When there 
is a vertical interval, say of a thirty-sixth of an inch, the type is ‘ two- 
point leaded." A large-face type of ten-point body with two-point 
leading will produce about the same vertical space between the short 
letters as a small-face type of twelve-point body printed solid. 
An indentation occurs in a line where the print does not extend to 
the same length as in neighbouring lines. 
