THE CURRICULA, &C., OF INDUSTRIAL AND POOR-LAW SCHOOLS. 319 
The Curricula and Educational Organisation of Industrial and 
Poor-Law Schools.—Report of the Committee, consisting of 
Mr. W. D. Eaaar (Chairman), Mrs. W. N. Suaw (Secretary), 
Professor R. A. Grecory, Mr. J. L. Hounanp, Dr. C. W. 
Kimmins, and Mr. J. G. LEGGE, appointed to inquire there- 
into, with special reference to Day Industrial Schools. 
PRELIMINARY SLATEMEN'T OF THE Various TypEs oF SCHOOLS AT 
PRESENT EXISTING IN THIS COUNTRY. 
In the following remarks no notice is taken of the Secondary schools, 
or of those day and residential Preparatory schools by which they 
are fed, and which give only the earlier stages of a full secondary 
education. ‘Their official inspection was first provided for under the 
Board of Education Act of 1899, section 3; it has not hitherto been 
made compulsory upon eyery such school. 
The education of the remainder, constituting the vast majority, 
of the nation’s children is carried on in schools exhibiting a great 
variety of type, and subject to very different conditions of inspection 
and control. 
(1) Public Elementary Schools.—These are controlled by the Board 
of Education on the one hand and the Local Education Authorities 
on the other, and are inspected and reported on both by his Majesty’s 
Inspectors and by those of the Authorities. They are formally defined 
in the Education Act of 1870, section 7, and also (to meet the case of 
certain Public Elementary Schools carried on in connection with 
Residential institutions) section 15 of the Education Act; 1892. These 
schools are all regulated by the Board’s annual Code of Regulations. 
Higher Elementary Schools are a development of these, and were first 
established by a Minute of 1900; their regulations are embodied in the 
same Code. 
(2) Certified Efficient Schgols.—These are officially defined in the 
Elementary Education Act of 1876, section 48. They comprise any 
elementary school other than the above which is open to the Board’s 
Inspectors and is certified by the Board to be an efficient school. 
Many of these are institutions included under one or other of the 
succeeding types. 
(3) Reformatory and Industrial Schools have their latest official 
definition in the Children Act, 1908, section 44; industrial training, 
clothing and lodging are provided in each case, in addition to the 
teaching. These schools are controlled and inspected by a staff of 
officers directed by the Home Office ; they are also visited, in some cases 
at least, by Inspectors of the Local Authorities. To the Reformatory 
may be sent convicted offenders of from twelve to sixteen years of age, 
in lieu of imprisonment. The Industrial School receives, at the instance 
of a Court of Summary Jurisdiction, younger offenders, neglected 
children, and children of criminal or worthless parents. The Day 
Industrial Schools, first sanctioned under section 16 of the Elementary 
Education Act of 1876, receive children committed under a magistrate’s 
