320 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE.—1912. 
warrant for neglecting to attend school, for begging, for petty thefts, 
and for being beyond control; others are admitted as voluntary cases 
by the local authorities. The Short-term Industrial Schools exist in 
a few areas to deal mainly with habitual truancy. 
(4) Prison Classes.—Here the instruction is of an elementary 
character, though the prisoners are usually above the ordinary school 
age. Teaching is given in local prisons, convict prisons, Borstal 
institutions, and State inebriate reformatories; it is reported on to 
the Home Office, through the Prison Commissioners, by the Chaplain- 
Inspector. 
(5) Schools for Children under the control of the Poor-Law 
Authorities.—Children of families in receipt of ‘ outdoor’ relief attend 
the Public Elementary school and are controlled and inspected in the 
same way as its other scholars. It has also been the policy of the 
Local Government Board of late years to encourage sending ‘ indoor’ 
children to the same schools, but about half of these are educated under 
the control of the Guardians in the district workhouse or some other 
form of Poor-Law school; a few in infirmaries receive such instruction 
as they are fit for from special teachers; and some others receive 
technical or industrial instruction solely. The whole Poor-Law system 
is controlled and inspected by the officers of the Local Government 
Board, but by arrangement with the Board of Education the inspectors 
of the latter report upon the education of the children. 
(6) Schools whose special character depends on the physical or 
mental health of their children.—(a) Schools for the Blind; (b) for the 
Deaf and Dumb; (c) for the Epileptic ; (d) for the Physically Defective ; 
(e) for the Mentally Defective; (f) a school for the Phthisical; and 
(g) a few open-air schools. So far ag public provision is concerned, 
(a) and (b) were established by the Elementary Education (Blind and 
Deaf Children) Act of 1893, and (c) and (d) by the Elementary Educa- 
tion (Defective and Epileptic Children) Act of 1899; the former Act 
is compulsory in its operation, the latter permissive; they are subject 
to the Board’s special regulations, and are reported on by its officers ; 
some are also visited by the Local Inspectors. In this type of school 
the medical aspect of inspection is naturally considered as important 
as the educational. 
Some of the charitable and other institutions included here are 
certified and inspected by the Board of Education, but there are also 
cases where there is no outside educational control, and where such 
inspection as obtains is conducted on behalf of the societies, or even 
individuals, to which they belong. 
(7) Institutions under various Societies for the care of Waifs and 
of Orphans.—Some of these are recognised as public elementary schools 
under section 15 of the Education Act, 1902, and are inspected by the 
Board of Education. In other cases the controlling society may make 
its own arrangements for inspection: others, again, have no educa- 
tional inspection by an independent authority. } 
(8) Naval Schools and Training Ships for the Navy.—These are 
controlled and inspected under the Director of Naval Education as well 
as by the Board of Education. a 
