TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION C. 47 | 
2. Paleobotany versus Stratigraphy in New Brunswick. 
By Martz C. Storrs, D.Sc., Ph.D.; F.L.S. 
Outline of the controversy, which dates from 1866, The so-called ‘Fern 
Ledges’ near St. John, New Brunswick, have a rich fossil flora but almost no 
animal remains. Sir W. Dawson described the plants as Devonian. Confusion 
still exists owing to the mixture of true Devonian plants from Gaspé, &c., in 
the same monograph of Dawson’s. Recent attempts include the beds in the 
Silurian, for ‘stratigraphic’ reasons. The necessity of field work as well as 
paleontological determinations. The author’s work in the field ; notes on relative 
dips of the beds, the so-called ‘ slates,’ intrusive rocks, and contortions. Obser- 
vations indicate existence of considerable overthrust. Palobotanical data. 
Re-determination of supposed ‘unique’ species. Type specimens lent by the 
Canadian museums and brought to London and Paris for comparison with standard 
collections, resulting in identification of a large proportion of well-known Euro- 
pean types in the ‘ Fern Ledges’ flora, all Carboniferous and mostly typical of 
Westphalian division in Coal Measures. Note the value of fossil plants, as the 
Carboniferous age of the beds was recognised by Geinitz in 1866 from a single 
specimen of a fern-leaf. The author did the work for the Canadian Geological 
Survey, to the kindness of whose Director is due the permission to give this 
résumé of the results. 
3. The Pre-Cambrian Rocks of Western Carnarvonshire. 
By Dr. C. A. Mattey. 
4. The Archean Rocks of Lewis. 
By B. N. Praca, LL.D., F.R.S., and J. Horne, LL.D., I’. B.S. 
During 1911 the authors visited Lewis with the view of comparing its 
Archean Rocks, previously described by Macculloch, Murchison, Heddle, and 
James Geikie, with the types of Lewisian gneiss mapped by the Geological 
Survey along the western seaboard of Sutherland and _ Ross. The areas 
examined comprised sections taken at intervals along the east coast from 
Tolsta Head, north of Stornoway, to near Loch Bhrollum, opposite the Shiant 
Isles—a distance of about thirty miles; and along the west side from the Butt 
of Lewis to Carloway—a distance of twenty-five miles. Traverses were made 
across the island (1) from Barvas on the west to Stornoway on the east, 
thence over the Eye peninsula to Tiumpan Head; and (2) from Carloway by 
Callernish to Keose on Loch Erisort, and Stornoway. 
A large series of specimens was collected and submitted to Dr. Flett for 
examination, who has furnished a valuable detailed report showing wherein 
they resemble and wherein they differ from types described by Dr. Teall in the 
Geological Survey Memoir, on ‘The Geological Structure of the North-west 
Highlands of Scotland’ (1907). Dr. Flett has arranged the specimens in the 
following groups: (1) muscovite-biotite-gneiss, (2) biotite-gneiss, (3) biotite- 
hornblende-gneiss, (4) hornblende-gneiss, (5) pyroxene-gneiss, (6) hornblende- 
schist, (7) pyroxenite, (8) pegmatite-gneiss, (9) granite-gneiss, (10) mylonite. 
In the various sections examined throughout the island, rocks belonging to 
groups (2), (3), and (4) are the main components of the Archean Complex. 
They are intimately associated with each other, and have a common foliation. 
The muscovite-biotite-gneisses (1) occur together with the biotite-gneisses, but 
they are not abundant. The pyroxene-gneiss (5) is recorded only from one 
locality, viz., Dalbeag, near Carloway, where it forms part of a basic mass 
which is cut by the foliated granite of Carloway (9). The hornblende-schists (6) 
constitute basic masses in the complex, with a foliation more or less parallel 
with that of the contiguous gneisses. The relative age of the members of this 
group has not been definitely ascertained. The pegmatites and pegmatite- 
gneiss (8) intersect the other components of the complex, but they are sparingly 
represented compared with the great development of these types on the mainland 
between Laxford and Cape Wrath. One example of pyroxenite (7) was obtained 
in the policies of Stornoway Castle. Mylonites (10) are typically developed in 
