528 TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION E. 
France produced by the Service Géographique de l’Armée, two sheets of Scotland 
produced by the Ordnance Survey, one sheet of Turkey, and one of South Africa 
produced by the Geographical Section of the General Staff. The latter was 
chosen to show the system of tints under the most trying conditions, In addition 
it is known that sheets are in course of production by the authorities of Hungary, 
Italy, Spain, and the United States, and two more sheets of the United Kingdom 
are being produced by the Ordnance Survey. 
Most of the countries of the world have expressed their approval of the resolu- 
tions, the only adverse official criticism having been received from Sweden. 
Official letters approving the scheme have been received from the Governments 
of Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Colombia, India, Japan, Mexico, 
Norway, Portugal, Siam, Uruguay, and others. The Government of Japan, 
which sent no delegates to the Committee, has, since the publication of the 
Report, expressed its approval of, and adherence to, the scheme. The Inter- 
national Map is, in fact, well under way. 
“2. New and Improved Instruments for Geographical Surveying. 
By E. A. Reeves. 
The principal part of this Paper consisted of a brief description of some of 
the more important improvements in instruments for geographical surveying that 
have recently appeared. 
Among the subjects dealt with were : Recent experiments in the determina- 
tion; night illumination of distant points in triangulation; lamps for reading 
various forms of theodolites ; Invar tape ; latest watches for astronomical observa- 
tion; night illumination of distant points in triangulation; lamps for reading 
theodolite angles; Zeiss and other forms of reflecting levels. After referring to 
the above, which have to do with astronomical observation, triangulation, and 
levelling, the paper passed on to describe briefly the latest instruments for filling 
in topographical and geographical details, such as the plane-table and recent 
forms of telescopic alidades; photographic surveying, and the latest work done 
by the method; the stereo-plotter; Orel’s stereo-autograph; introduction of 
radium paint for illuminating compasses; the astronomical compass and its use 
in connection with prismatic compass-mapping, where the local attraction is un- 
certain. Finally, this section finished with a description of a new night-marching 
watch, which consists of a simple arrangement fitted to an ordinary watch to 
enable a traveller to march on any desired bearing by stars at night. 
At the end of the Paper was described a set of models of instruments which 
can be constructed at little cost, but which are sufficient for teaching the principles 
of geographical surveying and field astronomy in schools. These included a 
theodolite, sextant and artificial horizon, level, tachiometer, and compass. 
3 Geographical Progress in Canada. By Dr. H. M. Amt. 
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 6. 
The following Papers were read :— 
1. Notes on British and Irish Itineraries and Road-books, 
By Sir Herpert Grorce ForpHaM. 
In this communication the author endeavoured to establish the value and 
interest of itineraries and road-books in relation to both geography and biblio- 
graphy, and to trace their development and characteristics from the first publica- 
tion of such works in the British Isles, late in the sixteenth century, until the 
advent of the railway system put an end in the middle of the nineteenth century, 
for the time at all events, to this species of literature. As a preliminary note to 
