552 TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION F. 
Thus out of 1,905 after-histories of inebriates, 272 are said to be doing well 
for a limited period after discharge, 59 are said to have ‘reformed,’ though 
some of those were convicted of drunkenness after discharge from a reformatory, 
17 are said to be ‘much improved,’ 15 were ‘improved,’ 26 ‘did not relapse,’ 
and 83 were not convicted, after discharge, at the same police court. 
4. Regional and Civic Surveys: the needed Co-operation of the Sciences 
towards the Town Planning Movement. By Professor P. Guppss. 
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 10. 
The following Papers were read :— 
1. The Origin and Growth of the Jute Trade in Dundee and Germany. 
By James Cunninauam, M.A. 
This paper attempted to give some account of the conditions which favoured 
the introduction of jute manufacture into Dundee and district, and of its sub- 
sequent development, which has resulted in the creation of a virtual monopoly 
for Dundee in the jute industry of the United Kingdom. From the beginning 
of the eighteenth century the manufacture of linen goods was one of the chief 
industries of the Eastern Counties of Scotland. Among these the coarser forms 
of linen used for sugar and cotton bagging were largely made in Dundee from 
the year 1747 onwards. In the beginning of the nineteenth century the amount 
of these goods woven in Dundee for exportation was over twelve million yards. 
The way was then prepared for the treatment of the new fibre jute, which was 
introduced in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. The development of 
the new industry was rapid, first in regard to the amount manufactured, and 
secondly, of recent years, in the variety of the articles produced. Dundee and 
its neighbourhood now consume nearly all the jute imported into the United 
Kingdom. 
The development of the jute industry in Germany followed somewhat the 
same lines at a later date. It also arose out of a previous flax industry. During 
the Crimean War, and indirectly as a result of that war, the attention of German 
flax-spinners was called to jute. In the year 1861 the first jute mill in Ger- 
many was started. The industry, especially since the introduction of protective 
duties in 1880, has flourished exceedingly, so that at the present date it rivals 
that of Dundee itself. There is one striking difference to be noted between its 
development in this country and in Germany—viz., that, whereas in the former, 
as has been stated, the industry is almost wholly confined to one district, in the 
latter it is distributed over a wide area in the north of Germany. 
In conclusion, figures were given showing the present extent of the jute 
industry throughout the world. These figures are probably only approximately 
exact. 
2. The Economic Aspect of Scottish Water-Power. 
By A. Newuanps, M.Inst.C.E. 
The economic waste represented by the non-utilisation of the water-power 
possibilities of the Scottish Highlands is at last beginning to receive the some- 
what belated attention of our industrial life. 
Several causes have helped to bring this about. The progressive policy in 
regard to hydro-electric power development all over the world has stimulated 
interest in our own possibilities, and the example set by the British Aluminium 
Co. at Foyers and Kinlochleven has also served to point the way, but there are 
other indications which point to an industrial development in our country 
districts as being the solution of the present unrest which so markedly charac- 
terises our industrial life, and indeed threatens its well-being. 
