612 PRANSACTIONS OF SECTION H. 
with different post holes and side walls, was brought to light. The ditches also 
afforded evidence that at some period the fortifications were destroyed. The 
relation of the superincumbent roadways and entrances to the various ramparts 
and ditches, as also their respective dates, will have to be worked out by future 
excavation. The interior area still offers a large field for investigation, and the 
defences at the north end and the north-east entrance remain untouched. 
The ancient name of this Dinas was Dinorben. ‘ Orben’ is a word of Goidelic 
origin, so this native hill-fort apparently obtained its title before the advent_of 
the Brythonic tribes into this district. 
TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 10. 
The following Papers and Report were read :— 
1. Discussion on Paleolithic Man. 
2. On the Physical Characters of the Human Remains found by Mr. 
Quibell in Mastabas of the II. and III. Dynasties at Sakkara. 
By Professor G. Extior Smiru, M.A., M.D., F.R.S. 
The problem that specially called for solution in the examination of this 
series of skulls was whether there was any evidence of foreign admixture in the 
population of the Second and Third Dynastic period in Lower Egypt, such as is 
known! to have occurred by the time of the Fifth Dynasty. The answer given 
by this material is quite definite. The people buried in these earliest Sakkara 
mastabas showed numerous unmistakable alien traits; but at the same time they 
exhibit such a series of gradations, passing into the commoner type of Egyptian, 
as to raise for discussion the interesting problem whether real blending of 
characters occurs in human mixtures? 
The complete evidence and the discussion of its significance will be pub- 
lished in the report of the Committee of the Association on the Physical 
Characters of the Ancient Egyptians. * 
3. Report on the Physical Characters of the Ancient Egyptians. 
See Reports, p. 268. 
4. Tho Earliest Evidence of Aitempls at Mummification in Egypt. 
By Professor G. Exuior Surry, M.A., M.D., F.R.S. 
In previous notes’ the earliest evidence of mummification in Egypt that I was 
prepared to admit as being unquestionable was that afforded by the mummy 
said to be that of Ra-nefer, found by Professor Flinders Petrie at Medtim in 1892, 
and now lodged in the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons in London. 
The earliest date that can be assigned to this mummy is the age of Snefru, the 
beginning of the Fourth Dynasty, although I believe there are reasons for 
thinking it may belong to the period of the Fifth Dynasty. 
During a visit to Egypt last winter I was permitted by Mr. J. E. Quibeil to 
examine the human remains found by him in a series of mastabas at Sakkara, 
belonging to the period of the end of the Second and the beginning of the Third 
Dynasties. In the burial chamber of one of these mastabas (referred to as 
No. 2262 in Mr. Quibell’s notes) the skeleton of a woman about thirty-five years 
' Ancient Eqyptians (Harpers), London, 1911, p. 114. 
* *Notes on Mummies,’ Cairo Scientific Journal, February 1908; Nature, 78, 
p. 342; ‘The History of Mummification,’ Proc. Roy. Phil. Soc. of Glasgow, 1910. 
