TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION H. 613 
of age was found completely invested in a large series of bandages—more than 
sixteen layers still intact, and probably at least as many more destroyed—ten 
layers of fine bandage (warp seventeen and woof forty-eight threads to the centi- 
metre), then six layers somewhat coarser cloth, and next to the body a series of 
badly corroded, very irregularly woven cloth, much coarser (warp six and woof 
fourteen per centimetre) than the intermediate and outvr layers. Hach leg was 
wrapped separately, and there was a large pad on the perineum. The bandages 
were broad sheets of linen rather than the usual narrow bandages. The body 
was flexed, as was usual at this period. 
In the wide interval between the bandages and the bones there was a large 
mass of extremely corroded linen, whereas the intermediate and superficial layers 
of cloth were quite well preserved and free from corrosion, except along a line 
where the cloth was corroded to represent the rima pudendi—a fact of great 
interest when it is recalled that in the Fifth and probably the Fourth Dynasties 
it was the custom to fashion (in the case of male mummies) an artificial phallus. 
The corrosion is presumptive evidence that some material (probably crude 
natron) was applied to the surface of the body with a view to its preservation. 
If so, this is the earliest body with unequivocal evidence of an attempt artificially 
to preserve or prevent decomposition in the soft tissues. 
The specimen (now in the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons) was 
placed at my disposal by Mr. Quibell (acting with the sanction of Sir Gaston 
Maspero, Director-General of the Department of Antiquities in Egypt), and I was 
able to examine it at Sakkara, whilst I was engaged. (January 1912) in carrying 
on the work of this Association’s Committee on the Physical Characters of the 
Ancient Egyptians. 
5. Colour Photographs of Theban Tombs. By R. Monn. 
6. Tribes of the West and Central Sudan. 
By P. Amaury Taxusor, B.A. 
In this paper I have attempted to sketch the relations of the more important 
peoples between the Gulf of Guinea and the Central Sudan. Starting from the 
coast, the three main divisions of Southern Nigerian races, also found in parts 
of the South Kamerun, are :— 
1. The Yoruba, a negro race of great intelligence, driven, according to their 
own tradition, southward from the Sudan by the Fulani. 
2. The Zbos, mostly delta people, and probably the earliest surviving settlers 
in this part. With these should be included the Ibibios, of whom the 
Efiks of Calabar are a branch. 
3. Cross River tribes, which I have had special opportunities of studying, 
comprising the Ekoi, Ojo, EKtung, and Ododop. Of these the first named 
are interesting, as marking the farthest point reached by the Bantu in- 
vaders, and also on account of their distinctive religion. The cephalic 
indices range from 74 to 76. ‘They seem to have come over from south of 
the Nile, and possibly represent some of the first Hamites to appear in 
Africa, though they now show strong traces of negro strain. Hamitic 
influence is still clearly seen in their worship of a sky God and venera- 
tion of crocodile and snake—in their customs, ordeal, &c.—their belief 
' in were-animals, and their decorative motifs. Certain indications would 
seem to show that the Cretan Axe cult is not yet totally extinct among 
them. 
To the north of the Cross River dwells that strange and little known race, 
the Munchi. Next come the Nigerian pagans, north of the Benue: Marragi, 
Kilba, Baburr, and Kerri-Kerri. Amidst these dwell their victorious invaders, 
the Fulani, Hausa, Bornuese, and Fikans. ; 
According to the tradition of the latter, Bornuese and Bagirimi came over with 
them from Yemen. This is apparently confirmed by measurements which show 
cephalic indices varying only from 741 to 74°5, thus nearly approaching those of 
the ancient Egyptians, and by a Fikan skull, recognised on sight by Professor 
