614 TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION H. 
Elliot Smith as of Nilotic affinity. In common use by all these peoples at the 
present day are wooden throwing weapons almost identical in shape with those 
which come down to us from ancient Egypt. 
Eastward in the Cameroons and French Central Africa some tribes are to be 
found whose architecture shows points of peculiar interest. 
First come the Mundong, with their compounds like medieval fortresses 
and turret-shaped, domed granaries, entered by circular apertures, strongly 
reminiscent of the doors and windows of ancient Chinese architecture. 
Next come the Tuburi, chiefly remarkable for their plaintive melodies. 
Thirdly, the Wadama, a coal-black, magnificently built race, and 
Fourthly, the Banana, primitive near Tordé, where the whole artistic sense 
of the people seems to have expended itself on their elaborate fireplaces, but 
who, as one passes up the Logone, develop a more and more wonderful style of 
dwelling, until at Musgum itself is to be found the unique cone-shaped type, 
acclaimed by architects as the perfection of the arch. 
The three last-named tribes are negroes with a cephalic index of ¢. 77. They 
probably arrived before the Bagirimi and Kanuri, by a more southward route, 
and seem to have affinity with the Bandawi and other tribes of the South- 
Western Bahr-el-Gazal. 
To the north, beyond a great marsh, come the more civilised Bagirimi, 
Kotoko, Buduma, and Kanembu. Of these, all save the Bagirimi appear to 
represent an early invasion of Nilotic negroes, allied to the present-day 
Shilluks and Dinkas, to whom they show strong resemblance in height and in 
the marked dolichocephalic shape of head. 
For refugees from all these tribes Chad forms a sanctuary, and an interest- 
ing point in the comparative measurements is the extraordinary span of arm 
attained on the one hand by the Buduma, probably due to the greater part of 
their lives being spent in poling over the lake, and on the other by the Banana 
and Wadama, whose chief weapon, a gigantic club, seldom laid aside, may have 
been instrumental in bringing about the survival of the longest-armed. 
7. Contributions to Sudanese Anthropometry. 
By W. L. H. Ducxwortu, M.D., Sc.D. 
The measurements and other observations discussed in the following para- 
graphs were made by Oliver Atkey, Esq., F.R.C.S., Medical Inspector for 
Dongola Province, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Mr, Atkey generously volunteered in 
1910 to collect anthropometric data in the south-eastern part of the Sudan. But 
the claims of his official duties prevented him working up the data thus col- 
lected, and consequently he has sent me the greater part of his material. 
The observations are recorded on cards, and they include descriptive as 
well as numerical data. The descriptive part includes records of the tribes and 
their sub-divisions, as well as certain important references to the marriages of 
cousins which appear to be customary and locally distinctive. 
The number of individuals examined amounts to 136, but Mr. Atkey’s letters 
to me indicate that he has other observations which, however, have not yet 
reached me. The 136 men thus observed are found to come under the following 
heads as regards their relations; six groups are conveniently recognised, viz. :— 
. Jemeni.—These come from the mountains near Sanae in Arabia. 
: Sea a we from the Red Sea coast of the Anglo-Egyptian 
sudan, 
. Hadendowa.—They are allied to the Amarer. 
- Kababish.—Measured in Dongola Province, west of the Nile. They 
are believed to be allied to groups B and C above. 
. Somali. 
- Miscellaneous ; including Shilluks, Jaalin, negro of Kordofan, &c. 
He Ya wp 
In addition to the records mentioned above, Mr. Atkey has sent me a 
valuable statement descriptive of important features of each of the groups (A. 
to E.). This statement will be published with the detailed account of which the 
present report is but a partial abstract. 
Ae. oe 
