TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION H. _ 615 
In the present instance, groups A and B will be considered alone. The 
numbers of individuals are as follows :— 
Group. | Group. 
A. Jemeni. . . . Thirty men. | D. Kababish . ~. Ten men. 
B. Amarer . . . Sixty men. | E. Somali - . Three men. 
C. Hadendowa . . . Twelve men.| F. Miscellaneous . ‘Twenty-one men. 
The Jemeni men are of course immigrants into the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. 
Of the remainder, most were observed by Mr. Atkey in regions known to have 
been inhabited by the several tribes for a considerable period. This state- 
ment is important in view of the somewhat haphazard way in which some 
other observers have collected their materials in this part of the world. 
_ The two groups, Jemeni and Amarer, selected thus for comparison, confront 
each other on opposite shores of the Red Sea in its more southern part. In the 
first place, some numerical data may be considered in the form of averages. 
Five of the measurements selected for this purpose are tabulated as follows :— 
Character Jemeni Amarer 
1. Stature . Fs : P : E E y 1650 1710 
2. Nasal Index . ‘ , J é : y 69 73 
3. Cephalic Index berrin eghce tes Merete 77-47 76-89 
4. Upper Facial Index 5 og Sead epg hear agaglagc: 52:3 52-3 
5. Interocular width . “ “ 3 2 i 106 106 
It is clear that the first two characters reveal a difference that would not 
have been suspected had reliance been placed on the remainder, including the 
notorious cephalic index. 
Again, the examination of those two characters, viz., stature and cephalic 
index, shows that the differences observed are such as suggest an approach of the 
Amarer men to a type which may be described as ‘ Nilotic.’ 
The pursuit of this inquiry into the domains of the descriptive characters 
leads to the statements following :— 
Character Jemeni Amarer 
6. Eyr-cotour.—Position of the mean value in the scale of 
eye-colours as measured the lightest up to the darkest (100) 55 60 
7. SKrN-coLouR (of unexposed skin).—Position of the mean 
value in the scale of skin-colours as measured from the 
lightest to the darkest (100) . . . . «. ©. .« 18-45 47.73 
8. Harm or Hrav.—Position in the scale, measured from the 
straightest to the most closely curled (100) . SA NPC: 70-13 
In two characters (6 and 7), the Amarer stand nearer the more deeply pig- 
mented end of the scale. In the third character (8), they show a markedly 
greater tendency to a frizzly type of hair on the head. The inference drawn 
above from the stature and the nasal index is confirmed hereby. 
9.. Yet another test may be mentioned. It has been seen that the mean value 
~ of the cephalic index provides no evidence of note as to a contrast to be drawn 
between the two groups in question. But if the series of individual cephalic 
indices be examined, a distinction will be detected, although the average values 
remain silent on this subject. 
The occasional occurrence of brachycephalic heads both among the Jemeni 
and the Amarer is very noteworthy. Mr. Atkey was much impressed by it. 
And indeed, out of the thirty Jemeni, no less than ten have a cephalic index of 
80 or upwards, and one individual provides an index of 87. 
The proportion of brachycephalic heads among the Amarer is just half of its 
value among the Jemeni, for out of sixty Amarer men, again ten provide an 
index of 80 or upwards. Moreover, the highest individual value is 85, though 
there are two. instances of 84. The character of brachycephaly is clearly less 
frequent and less intense among the Amarer. The latter are also taller than 
the Jemeni, they have wider noses, darker eyes and skin, and more curly hair. 
All these facts point in the same direction. 
At present my chief object is to place on record the facts of Mr. Atkey’s 
