620 TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION H. 
intrusions on the typical Egyptian population. Their place of burial was within 
the walls of what had been a Roman frontier fort, and there was every indication 
that they had been executed in Roman times. One man actually had the hang- 
man’s rope in situ round his neck, and a very large number showed a curious 
lesion of the base of the skull. This lesion was diagnosed in the field as being 
caused by hanging, and its method of production seemed clear. However, when 
skulls of criminals were examined in museums it was found that this lesion did 
not exist in men known to have been ‘hanged.’ Quite recently the skull of a 
man executed in 1865 has been described. 
The interest of the case lies in the fact that this skull shows the same 
lesions as are displayed by the men executed by the Romans in Nubia. 
Methods of hanging have changed from time to time, and the lesions produced 
have been studied by many people; but there is still a great want of agreement 
in the ideas as to the actual injury inflicted. 
It is probable that in the cases of this criminal and the Nubian men much the 
same methods were employed ; but in the history of English judicial hanging the 
variation in method has easily accounted for the variety of lesions which have been 
found and claimed as the cause of death. ; 
The reason why no lesion is found in so many museum specimens is probably 
to be sought in this evolution of hanging. ‘Hanging’ may imply (1) the hanging 
of a corpse; (2) the hanging (strangulation) of a living being; (3) or the dropping 
and hanging used to-day as the form of judicial death in England. Each has its 
historical aspect and its anthropological and pathological interest. 
3. Professor Reisner’s Excavations in Egypt on behalf of the Boston 
Museum and Harvard University. By Professor G. Exuior Smrrx, 
M.A., M.D., F.B.S. 
4. The Temple of Phile and the Archeological Survey of Nubia. 
By F. F. Oativiz. 
5. An Account of some Bontoc Igorots. By L. F. Taytor, B.A. 
A party of fifty-four Bontoe Igorots (including thirty-six men, sixteen 
women, and two infants) has been exhibited at Earls Court in London during 
the last few weeks. Permission to make measurements and observations was 
courteously given by Mr. Schneiderwindt, who is in charge of the natives. The 
work was carried out by the author, under the direction of Dr. Duckworth. 
The photographs are the work of Mr. K. H. Wang. 
The natives are genuine representatives of the tribe whose name they bear. 
The Igorots of Bontoc are Indonesians, and it is supposed that they represent 
a comparatively unmixed subdivision of that widely distributed stock. 
The men are short {the mean stature being only 155 cm.), but of almost ideal 
muscular development. The skin is of a dark bronze-brown shade; the presence 
of a circle of small pigmented patches on the crown of the head of one infant is 
worth special mention, for it is alleged that these patches, though common in 
infancy, fade away subsequently. 
The hair is black or of the darkest brown; while plentiful and coarse on the 
scalp it is scanty elsewhere. The women are much shorter than the men, and in 
appearance recall the Indo-Chinese. The measurements provide indications of 
two groups in this community. Of these, one appears to be early Indonesian, 
the other late Indonesian, or proto-Malay. The conclusion is that the Bontoc 
Igorots represent an admixture of late Indonesians with the remnant of an 
early Indonesian population, the fusion being not yet complete. The women do 
not provide the same amount of evidence of subdivision into groups as do the 
men. Among the Igorots of other parts are still to be found remnants of an 
early Caucasian population. 
Among the other data collected, only the observations on the tattoo patterns, 
on the mode of climbing, as well as some relating to the arts and crafts 
exhibited by these natives, can be mentioned here. 
