700 RANSACTIONS OF SECTION 1. 
(b) All that we know of genetic psychology is opposed to analysis in the early 
stages. Cognition proceeds from the grasping of indefinite wholes to a know- 
ledge of their details, and from these details to a clearer and more definite 
knowledge of the wholes. This process is provided for in most adequate fashion 
by the ‘Look-and-Say’ method. Even if analysis is not insisted upon by the 
teacher, it takes place sub-consciously in the minds of intelligent children. 
(c) The examination of results shows that there is much more rapid progress 
in the early stages by ‘ Look-and-Say’ than by ‘Phonic’ methods. 
Mr. E. J. Gill, of the University of Sheffield, obtained the following time 
results with two unseen extracts (called A and B respectively) in three schools 
(X being a ‘Dale’ school, Y a more ordinary ‘Phonic’ school, and Z a ‘ Look- 
and-Say ’ school of the ‘Sentence Method’ type) :— 
Class Average 
Mean Variation 
Time 
Extract . z . P | A B A B 
Min. .See,-'|. Min... Sec» | Min... aes, amar 
Bihoal xen) LAT yo tag 1 462 | 0 | 53: | 0 493 
Behool Vici: 12 poriae] bee BOL ML.» h4e WING Ouch eae eaneneny 
Behool Zoos eine fone: |) Oni Bids | 00. 398 | 0» 12k lee ee 
I myself obtained results both with respect to time and mistakes in an 
experiment in learning to read with a new alphabet (that of the Association 
Phonétique Internationale) conducted with older children. Extract A contained 
none but words previously introduced to the children. Extract B contained 
many new combinations of the same sounds, and, if no analysis had taken place 
in the minds of the ‘ Look-and-Say’ pupils, would have rendered the results of 
the ‘ Look-and-Say ’ section hopelessly inferior to those of the ‘ Phonic’ section. 
The following are the results :— 
Standard VII. of an Elementary School. 
(Thirty-six pupils divided into two equal sections.) 
Time devoted to learning in both cases, thirty minutes, 
Extract A Extract B 
=| | es sq a 
i sted Average & | Average .€ | Average} _ 6 | Average s 
pecuen, Leste Time as Number as Time = | Number 8 2 
+ in s “< of s | in S “i of S “ 
Seconds | Ss | Mistakes Bs Seconds S Mistakes 5 
= z | 
Phonic A = 1894 421 9 Wecas ! | 1392 39% 9 Lek 
| Look-and-Say .| 1272 | 303] 7:2 | Je" 97 | 212) (SB | oa 
Form VI. of a Secondary School. 
(Twenty-five pupils divided equally, the odd one being put in with the ‘ Look- 
and-Say ’ Section.) 
Time devoted to learning in both cases, twenty-five minutes. 
Extract A | Extract B 
= a | | 
Secti ‘ Average | 4.© | Average ‘© | Average © | Average 2 
ig ke: aioe 2S Number) =| Time | 28 | Number z = 
+ in ees of Se in S| of SE 
Seconds | ™ = | Mistakes} ",> | Seconds | ™,5 | Mistakes pis 
Phonic : : 602 112 2°6 1:9 43 61 27 12 
Look-and-Say ‘ 484 8 18 1-2 462 | 112 3°8 18 
baat Co ee 
