732 TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION M. 
Experiment IIT. (1911-12). 
Lot I. (Turnip Ration). Lot II. (Ordinary Concentrated Ration). 
Pounds ‘ Pounds 
Bean meal é x alle Bean meal : , Say 
Bran. : : 7 2 Bran. - ~ See 
Turnips . : : Sli Pease meal. A see's 
Hay : ; : ryty 13) Dried brewers’ grains aie ah 
Turnips . 4 + a=. 7040 
Albuminoid ratio, 1; 14. Hay 4 : : Stel 
Total dry matter in ration, 28°6 pounds. Albuminoid ratio, 1: 7°6. 
Total dry matter in ration, 26°7 pounds, 
In addition, straw was fed to both lots. 
The turnip ration contained only 4 pounds of concentrated food as against 
10 pounds in the ordinary ration; on the other hand, it contained 72 pounds 
more turnips, and on the average contained about 13 pound more dry matter 
than the ordinary ration. 
The cows on the turnip ration received daily nearly four and a half gallons 
more water per head than those on the other ration. The results showed :— 
1. It is not from the ration containing the greatest weight of digestible fat 
that the richest milk has been obtained. 
2. The much larger amount of fat obtained in the milk than was given in the 
ration. If allowance is made for the indigestible fat in the ration the differ- 
ence is even more striking. In 1911-12, for example, the turnip ration contained 
only 171 pounds of digestible fat, and the ordinary ration only 247 pounds; the 
yield of fat in the milk over the amount fed was 358 pounds in the case of 
Lot I., and 263 pounds in the case of Lot II. ‘The larger secretion of fat, which 
has always been obtained from the cows fed on the turnip ration, appears to 
indicate that the easily digestible carbohydrates contained in the turnips are 
specially suitable for fat formation. 
Summary and Conclusions. 
Taking the results of the three experiments together we may draw the 
following conclusions :— 
1. The feeding of a ration containing a large quantity of water does not 
ee the percentage of water in the milk or reduce the percentage 
of fat. 
2. In all three experiments the greater yield of milk was obtained from the 
cows on the concentrated ration. On the other hand, the milk from 
the cows on the turnip ration contained a higher percentage of fat, 
and a greater total weight of fat was contained in the milk. 
4. The Fat-globules of Milk in relation to Churning. By W. F. 
Cooprr, B.A., W. H. Nurraun, F.I.C., and G. A. Freak, B.Sc. 
Creams vary in their behaviour during churning; not only creams of different 
breeds of cows, but frequently cows of the same breed show variations. 
Amongst other factors, some property of the fat-globules may give rise to this 
effect. 
The term ‘ Churnability ’ is used for this varying behaviour during churning. 
Work was carried on at the Royal Agricultural Shows from 1909 to 1910. A 
full account is published in the ‘Journal of Agricultural Science,’ vol. 4, p. 150. 
The only method used, previously, for determining the globules was that of 
Babcock, the milk being placed. in capillary tubes. The authors adopted a 
modification of the Thoma-Zeiss hemocytometer, photographing the milk in the 
cell. This method makes it possible to check results. 
The globules in milks of various breeds were determined; the mean size of 
globule in different breeds, and in individual cows of the same breed, was 
ascertained, and curves were plotted; but the conclusion was that there was 
almost as much variation in different milks of the same breed of cows as in 
average milks of different breeds, and that, for the purpose of ascertaining the 
