822 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE.—1912. V.c. ii. 
1909 Fihner *** observed that the solubilities of ether and phenol 
* are mutually diminished when these substances are dissolved 
simultaneously in water. 
1910 From the experiments recorded by Findlay and Creighton *** 
’ it appears that the solubility of gases in water may be either 
increased or diminished by the presence of fine colloidal suspensions. 
Thus charcoal and silica increase the solubility of carbon dioxide and 
nitrous oxide, whilst a number of organic colloids such as starch and 
albumen, diminish the solubility of these gases. 
The mutual solubility influence of ethylic and amylic alcohols in 
water was investigated by Fontein.*7® From his results he was able 
to construct a complete equilibrium diagram for the system referred to. 
With the object of ascertaining how far the solubility of a substance 
varies with the concentration of the solvent, Tyrer *7* determined the 
solubility of anthraquinone in benzene and in chloroform and then 
diluted the solvent with varying quantities of hexane—in which the 
solute is insoluble—and again determined the solubility. From the 
results obtained, however, no general conclusions could be drawn.* 
Drucker and Moles **? made measurements of the solubility of 
hydrogen and nitrogen in mixtures of glycerol and water, and con- 
trasted the solubility graphs for various concentrations of solvent with 
other physical properties of the binary system glycerol + water. 
V. C.—Influence of Other Substances. 
(ii) Non-electrolytes influenced by Electrolytes, and Electrolytes influ- 
enced by Non-electrolytes. 
Soon after the publication of Sieiner’s + research showing cane sugar 
to be particularly active in decreasing the solubility of hydrogen in 
1896, Water, Weisberg ** found that calcium sulphite is twice as 
~“"* soluble in a 10 per cent. sucrose solution as it is in pure water. 
The study of the change of solubility occasioned by the presence of 
organic substances in the solvent was further studied by Bathrick,!° who 
experimented with organic salts and aqueous solutions of salts. This 
author was able to show by his experiments that Bancroft’s equation 
(z+A) y2=C, t expressing the solubility of salts in alcohol was valid 
also in the case of salts dissolving in aqueous alcohol and acetone. 
This work on the precipitation of salts from aqueous solutions of 
1997, 2lcohol and acetone was continued by Taylor ** who substan- 
* tiated the results previously recorded. 
Bédtker?* found that whereas anhydrous oxalic acid is more 
soluble in ether than the hydrated acid, the hydrated forms of copper 
and cobalt chloride are more soluble in ether than are the anhydrous 
salts. Further, these hydrated salts are more soluble in concentrated 
than in slightly aqueous alcohol. This work should be considered in 
connection with Schiff’s research on aqueous ethereal solutions. § 
A brief review of the recorded work dealing with the subject of 
the absorption of gases by aqueous solutions of electrolytes was 
* Vide Section VII. + Vide Part I. R. 219. 
t Vide footnote, Section V. A. (i). § Vide Section V. C. (i). 
