826 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE.—1912. V.c. ii. 
also found, within certain limits of temperature and concentration of 
alcohol, that separation into layers may take place, but this only 
occurs in the presence of solid salt. 
The solubility of sulphur in sodium sulphide solutions depends to 
a large degree upon the concentration of the latter. To judge from 
the evidence recorded by Kiister and Heberlein,?** the equilibrium con- 
ditions involved are very complex. 
The work of Hoffman and Langbeck ?*° shows that the influence 
of added electrolytes depends largely upon the temperature: thus, 
dextrose has no effect at 25°, but at 45° it increases the solubility of 
benzoic acid and it causes a decreased solubility of o-nitro-benzoic acid. 
Although there are some exceptions, in general, non-electrolytes were 
found to occasion an increased solubility of benzoic acid and some of 
its derivatives, whereas, electrolytes at first raise and then lower the 
solubility of these substances. 
Rogowicz ?°® found that barium sulphite is less soluble in sugar 
solution than in pure water and, in the same year, Worley ??7 measured 
the solubility of bromine in aqueous solutions of potassium bromide. 
1906 The interesting effect caused by the addition of lithium sul- 
* phate to the system alcohol-water-ammonium sulphate, which 
forms two liquid layers, was studied by Schreinemakers and Born- 
water.?*1 At first the addition of lithium sulphate facilitates the separa- 
tion of alcohol and water into two layers; then, the reverse takes place 
and the two layers become more and more similar in composition as the 
addition of the sulphate is continued. With the object of throwing 
light upon this phenomenon Schreinemakers and v. Dorp *8° investi- 
gated the solubility behaviour of lithium sulphate in aqueous alcohol 
of varying concentration. They found that in 80 per cent. alcohol this 
salt is practically insoluble. 
Riedel 2®° found that bases, such as barium hydroxide, have a 
greater lowering effect upon the solubility of aniline in water than 
have salts, the effect increasing with the strength of the base employed. 
According to Lowry,?®° whether sodium ethylate increases the solu- 
bility in alcohol of various dihalogen camphors depends upon the 
position occupied by the substituting halogen atom in the molecule. 
The influence of salts upon the solubility in water of such sub- 
stances as serum globulin is of wide interest. Galeotti?*®* found that 
with increasing concentration of magnesium sulphate, the solubility 
of the globulin increases, but when the concentration of magnesium 
sulphate approaches the point of saturation, the globulin is precipitated. 
Hudson ?8*4 contributed a paper dealing with the formation of 
hydrates in solution which has bearing on solubility influences. The 
separation of water and iso-butyric acid into two layers by the addition 
of soluble salts was studied by Smirnoff.?8* He found the effect of any 
one group of metals on the separation of acid and water increased as 
the atomic weight decreased; similar observations being made with 
varying acid radicles. A further communication on this subject ap- 
1907 peared in the following year.*!74 The work of Armstrong,*”* 
‘ Eyre and others on the graduated displacement. of salts ‘from 
solution by various precipitants furnished interesting results. They 
