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V.c. ii. ON SOLUBILITY. 827 
contrasted the behaviour of alcohol as a representative electrolyte and 
weak dehydrant with that of hydrogen chloride as a representative 
electrolyte and moderately powerful dehydrant, the main point brought 
out being the similarity in the behaviour of these two precipitants. 
These results are not in harmony with the views expressed by Nernst * 
and Noyes } and are in opposition to Levin’s } contention that non-elec- 
trolytes exert no influence upon the solubility of other substances: a 
statement which was also adversely criticised by Philip.*°7 
The solubility of the halides and cyanides of mercury in mixtures 
of water and respectively methylic and ethylic alcohols and ethylic 
acetate was studied by Herz and Anders.*°® The solubility results 
found experimentally were always less than the solubility values cal- 
culated on the assumption that each constituent of the mixture inde- 
pendently exerts its own solvent power. Similar results *4! were ob- 
served with the halides of potassium and, in the case of these salts 
in mixtures of water and methylic alcohol, the greatest difference from 
the values calculated on the above assumption was observed to coincide 
with the maximum viscosity of the mixed solvents. Those communi- 
cations prompted Duleski**° to publish his measurements of the solu- 
bility of mercuric chloride in binary organic solvents.§ The observed 
values were not found to be in agreement with those which he cal- 
culated from a knowledge of the solvent powers of the constituents of 
the mixtures employed, and he was unable to arrive at any general 
conclusions from this work. 
Smirnoff *'" published tables and curves showing the effect of 
various salts on the separation of solutions into two layers and also 
the solubility of various fractions of butyric acid in water at various 
temperatures. 
Following the lead given by Morse and Fraser || and by Caldwell,‘ 
available data relating to the absorption of gases by aqueous solutions 
of salts were collected by Philip,?°’ who recalculated the solubilities on 
the basis of a weight-normal comparison. Making the assumption that 
the lowering of the solvent power of water is due to the hydration of 
the added electrolyte, this author calculated the hydration values of 
the added substances. 
The solubility of acetanilide in mixtures of water and alcohol was 
determined by Seidell.*° 
Results contradictory to those recorded by Hiifner*** are to be 
1908 found in the research of Usher*?* on the influence exerted by 
* the sulphates of nickel and cobalt and of manganese chloride 
upon the solubility of nitric oxide in water. This work revealed the 
fact that these salts, unlike ferrous sulphate, diminish the solubility of 
the gas in water. 
The effect of various colloids upon the solubility of carbon dioxide 
in water formed the subject of an investigation by Findlay.*41 The 
* Part I. R. 144. + Part I. R. 164. t Vide Section VII. 
§ This work was carried out in 1898, and use was made of the results obtained by 
Timofejeff (vide Part I. R. 171). 
|| Amer. Chem. J. 1905, 34, i; 1906, 36, 1 and 39. 
] Roy. Soc. Proc. 1906, A. 78, 272. 
