ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 



655 



atla'kos (1) ha (2) ko'kpi (3) akswa'watcip (4), n-Jie?i (1) the (2) cMef(S) comes (1), 



call me (4). 

 a(l) sk-'a'um(2) pu'ists (3) ha (4) ntltcask-a'qa (5), the (1) wolf (2) killed Ci) 



the (4) horse (5). 

 ha(l) ntltcaska'qa(2) pu'ists (3) a(4) ska'um(5), the {I) horse (2) Jailed (^B) 



the (i) 7vol/ (5). 

 a John pu'ists a Sam, John strxccli Sam. 



tilt seems to be more definite than ha, but the distinction between the two forms is 

 by no means quite clear : 



pui'zEna(l) ha (2) ko'kpi (3), I lulled (1) the (2) chief (B). 

 pui'zEna (1) aqa'tik (2) ko'kpi (3), I killed (1) this (2) chief (Z). 

 wa'zQEna(l) tik (2) stsuk- (3), I showed h!m(l) the(2) 2>icti!re (3). 

 na'qEna (1) tik (2) stsuk- (3), I gave him(l) the (2) letter (3). 

 ta'we(l) aqa'tik (2; ko'kpi (3) tik (4) tlo'sk-a'yuq (5) ! what a (^l, 2) chief Q^) 

 this (4) man (5) [v's] ! 



THE DISTRIBUTIVE. 



The distributive form of the noun is formed by amplification of the stem, most 

 frequently by reduplication. Irregular distributives of nouns are rare. Plurals of 

 verbs are formed in the same way, but the verbal plural is frequently derived from 

 a separate stem. The verbal plural seems to have had a distributive meaning 

 originally, but in the intransitive verb particularly the distinction between distribu- 

 tive and plural is easily lost. 



1. Distributives and verbal plurals formed by reduplication : 



house, tcitQ 

 tree, cira'p 

 picture, stsuk" 

 stone, ca'EnQ 

 mo^intain, sk'um 

 ground, tEmu'Q 

 dog, sk'a'k-qa 

 cattle, stEmd'lt 

 calf, stEmdltiteit 

 camp fire, spam 

 coyote, snikia'p 

 animal, spBzO' 

 bird, spEzu'zO 

 friend, snu'koa 

 m-ushrrat, skikEla'Qoa 

 man, sk'ai'yuq 

 male of animal, sk'a'kayuq 

 sick, kEnu'Q 

 cr-umpled, sko'um 

 to walk, sQuasl't 



distributive, tcitci'tQ. 



plural 



cipcira'p 



stsutsu'k , 



CEnca'EnQ. 



sk-umk-u'm. 



tEratEmu'Q. 



sk-aka'k-qa. 



stEmtEma'lt. 



stEmtEmalti'teit. 



spEmpa'm. 



sniknikia'p. 



spEzpEzo'. 



spEpEzu'zo. 



snukEnu'koa. 



skikikEla'Qoa. 



sk-ai'k-euq. 



sk-ak-a'k'ayuq. 



kEnkEnu'Q. 



skoumko'um. 



sQusQuasi't. 



These examples show that the laws which reduplication follows are very irregular. 

 On the whole we may say that the prefixed s which is found in a very large number 

 of Salish words is not affected by reduplication. Very often the first syllable, 

 including the first consonant following the first vowel, is repeated with shortened 

 vowel. But there are many exceptions to this rule. Reduplicated words may be 

 reduplicated a second time (see musk-rat, male of an animal, in the preceding list). 



2. JIany nouns have the same form for the absolute and the distributive. It 

 seems that many names of animals belong to this class : 



heaver, tlk-'o'pa (JJtd'mht dialect), 

 heaver, snii'ya {^kamtcl'nEjnvQ dialect), 

 nwlf, sk-'a'om „ „ 



fox, EcQua'yuq „ „ 



black bear, spefi'tc „ „ 



