ON THE XORTII-WESTERN THIIJES OF CANADA. 



660 



considerably. Three types may easily be distinguished — the northern 

 type, represented by the Haida, the Indians of Nass River, and the 

 Tsimshian ; the Kwakiutl type ; and the Thompson River type. 



These types may be characterised by the following measurements : — 



They may be described as foUo-ws : All these types are of medium 

 stature, and their arms are relatively long, their bodies short. Among 

 the northern type we find a very large head. The transversal diameter 

 is very great. The same may lie said of the face, which has an enormous 

 breadth. The height of the face is moderate, and therefore its form 

 appears decidedly low. The nose is often concave or straight, seldom 

 convex. The noses of the women are decidedly concave. Its elevation 

 over the face is slight. The point of the nose is short. 



The dimensions of the head of the Kwakiutl are similar to those of 

 the northern types, but the head seems to be slightly smaller. The face 

 shows a remarkably different type, which distinguishes it fundamentally 

 from the faces of all the other gioups. The breadth of face is nearly the 

 same as that of the noithern type, but its height is enormous. The same 

 may be said of the nose, which is very high and comparatively narrow. 

 The point of the nose is shoit : its elevation is also very great. The nasal 

 bones are strongly developed, and form a steep arch, their lower ends 

 rising high above the face. For this reason convex noses are found very 

 frequently among this type. Convex noses also prevail among the women, 

 and for this reason the difference between the female form of the 

 Kwakiutl and the female forin of the northern type is very great. 



The Thompson River type is characterised by a very small head, both 

 diameters being much shorter than those found on the coast, while the 

 proportions are nearly the same . The transversal diameter of the face is 

 much shorter than that of the coast Indians, being nearly the same as 

 thnt found among the Indians on the plains. The face is much lower 

 than that of tlie Kwakiutl type, and also slightly lower than that of the 

 northern type. The nose is convex and heavy. Its point is much longer 

 and heavier than the point of the noses of the coast types. 



There are good indications of the existence of a few other types, but 

 they cannot be distinguished with certainty from the typ&s enumerated 



