712 KEPORT— 1898. 



few steps from the river ; to permit easy access to the public road situate 

 between the house and the river ; to keep social intercourse as close as 

 possible by the vicinity of neighbours addicted to the same profession. In 

 a case where twenty habitants so covered eighty to one hundred arpents 

 on a line following the water's edge, they did nothing else but open a 

 street, and so they could visit each other with facility at all times. Four 

 feet deep of snow in the winter was beaten down within two hours by the 

 passage of forty or fifty horses and men. This of course was at first 

 done on snowshoes until horses were introduced (1665), and then this 

 arrangement worked to perfection. That was the time that the French 

 carriole — on wheels — was dismounted, put on runners, and became the 

 comfortable family vehicle so popular in Canada East during the snowy 

 season. 



Anyone who will peruse the numerous works containing letters and 

 documents relative to the years 1632-70 in this colony may obtain more 

 information on this subject. In conclusion I may mention inventories 

 (existing in original) of household effects, which afford a fair idea of 

 the contents of the early residences, such as furniture and utensils, 

 from 1640 to 1670. The kitchen has a special fireplace where the cook- 

 ing was done. Two or three chimneys (brick or stone) heated the main 

 part of the house. Wooden floors everywhere, smooth, clean, covered 

 with rug-carpets. Sleeping rooms upstairs. Double doors and windows 

 for the winter. A large and well-lighted cellar, with a compartment for 

 ice to be used during the summer months. The four walls of the building 

 made of thick lumber placed flat one over the other in a horizontal posi- 

 tion. No chairs, but forms for two, four, or six persons. No wine, but 

 cider and beer sometimes, also guildive, a second-class brandy, and rum. 

 Flannel, serge, heavy cloth, linens of various descriptions, all home-made, 

 and of which the farmer's wife felt proud, were stored in cupboards or 

 closets. The population came altogether from that part of France where 

 cider and beer were most in use ; they immediately started a brewery 

 and a plantation of apples on arriving in Canada. Guildive and rum 

 came from France. 



The evident superiority of the men who came immediately after 1631 

 over those who had previously tried to reside here is the object I wish 

 to impress upon the mind of the reader. The manner in which they 

 practised agriculture, their habits, customs, dresses, all things belonging 

 to them, were afterwards adopted by all the new comers. Such is the 

 evidence very clearly shown by our archives. 



Ethnograx>liical Survey of the United Kingdom. — Sixth Report of 

 the Committee, consisting of Mr. E. W. Brabrook ( Chairman), 

 Dr. Francis Gtalton, Dr. J, G-. Garson, Dr. A. C. Haddon, Dr. 

 Joseph Anderson, Mr. J, Eomilly Allen, Dr. J. Beddoe, Mr. 

 W. Crooke, Professor D. J. Cunningham, Professor W. Boyd 

 Dawkins, Mr. Arthur J. Evans, Mr. F. G. Hilton Price, Sir H. 

 Ho WORTH, Professor R. Meldola, General Pitt-Eivers, Mr. 

 E. G. Eavenstein, Dr. H. 0. Forbes, and Mr. E. Sidney Hart- 

 ' LAND (Secretary). {Drawn up by the Secretary.) 



1. As in previous years, the Committee has had the advantage of the 

 co-operation of several gentlemen, not members of the Association, but 

 delegates of various learned bodies interested in the Survey. 



