TRAxVSACTIOXS OF SECTION C. 867 



the 1-incb raaps the underground faults are all shown by yellow lines to avoid 

 undue complication. 



The glacial deposits are mapped simultaneouply with tlio solid geology, and 

 are shown on the edition of the map for superficial geology. With the exception 

 of the admirable work of Prof. Edgworth David, and sundry observations by the 

 Rev. W. S. Symonds, they have not attracted so much attention as they deserve, 

 for South Wales formed a small independent centre of glaciation and exhibits 

 phenomena of great interest. The greater water-partings of the present day formed 

 the ice-partings of the Glacial Period, and the principal valleys gave the route to the 

 ice-flow. Tlius a great mass of drift was transported from Brecknock round the north- 

 east corner of the Ooal-field down the Usk Valley as far as the depression occupied by 

 the Usk Branch Railway. Another part was pushed over a minor water-parting 

 into the Rhymney Valley, but principally escaped along the Taff Valley, traversing 

 the entire Coal-field and emerging by the ravine at Walnut Tree ; while a third portion 

 flowed south-westwards along the Neath and other valleys towards Swansea Bay. 

 The drift consists in part of coarse gravels or fine gravel and sand, and forms 

 characteristic mounds or ridges between which are inclosed innumerable water- 

 logged hollows, or meres. Nearer to its source, however, it becomes an extremely 

 tough boulder clay packed with glaciated boulders. The composition of the deposit, 

 the direction of the longer axes of the mounds, and, lastly, a large number of 

 striations on rock-in-place combine in determining the directions assigned to the 

 ice-flow. The southern limit to which the ice reached is no less clearly marked 

 than its birthplace, for the gravels get finer and thinner, and eventually die away, 

 sometimes before reaching the shores of the Bristol Channel. 



4. On the Exjiloration of two Caves at Uphill, Weston-super-Mare, contain- 

 ing remains of Pleistocene Mammalia. By the late Edward Wilson, 

 F'.G.S. 



[Communicated by Hekbeet Bolton, F.R.S.B.] 



Quarrying operations now proceeding in the Carboniferous Limestone near the 

 old parish church of Uphill have led to the discovery of two caves. 



The caves are about half way up the face of the quarry, which is 100 feet in 

 height. The floor of each cave is covered with a deposit which varies from 1 to 

 2 feet in thickness. 



A typical section of the upper cave deposits is as follows : — 



Ft. In. 



1. Deep purplish-red, soft, sandy Marl, containing blocks of Limestone 4 



2. Greenish-yeUow, soft, sandy Marl 12 



3. Greenish-drab argillaceous Sandstone 5 6 



4. Limestone floor. 



The Green Marl for a varying thickness in difierent parts of the cave 

 becomes brecciated and occasionally tufaceous. 



The animal remains are contained in this bed, and consist chiefly of the teeth 

 and jaws of hyaena, with gnawed and ungnawed bones of horse, mammoth, cave- 

 bear, fox, &c. 



The lowest of the two caves is partly filled with a deposit of coarse rubble, 

 and has yielded remains of hyaena, rhinoceros, and the teeth and jaw^s of small 

 carnivora and rodents, together with worked flints, and a number of rounded 

 stones supposed to have been used as pot-boilers. The rubble deposit has evidently 

 undergone a certain amount of displacement, so that it is by no means certain 

 that the remains contained in it are contemporaneous. 



3 k2 



