1022 REPORT— 1898. 



6. 071 Walled-up Skeletons. By Miss Nina Layard. 



7. Report on the Ethnor/rapMcal Survey of the United Kingdom. 

 See Reports, p. 712 



8. On Traces of Early Kentish Migrations. By T. W. Shore, F.G.S. 



The author first draws attention to the various names by which the Jutes of 

 Kent were known to early chroniclers and writers, and to authorities which show- 

 that the Jutes were closelj^ allied to, or identical with, the Northern Goths. From 

 the evidence of early place names, such as Goda (for a Goth), and Geats or 

 Geatas (for Jutes), frequently used as descriptive names of early Kentish settlers, 

 in addition to purely Kentish names compounded of the names Kent, or Ken, and 

 from the circumstance that Kent, unlike the other chief Anjrlo-Saxon States, had 

 no Hinterland, he infers that the migrations of Kentish people must have led them 

 to settle iu unoccupied land of the other kingdoms, and identifies such early 

 Kentish colonies by such place names, under their present or a more ancient form ; 

 by survival of customs of land tenure, &c., analogous to those of Kent ; by other 

 place names derived from the Jutish hero Hengest, which formerly existed in 

 the same localities, and still survive iu some instances in a modified form ; and by 

 survivals of gavelkind and kindred customs in many similar places, and refers to 

 the possession of land in Herefordshire and Yorkshire by the early Archbishops 

 of Canterbury, and by the first Archbishop of York, who also came from 

 Kent. 



The causes which led to migrations of Kentish people he considers to be the 

 pressure of population at home, the openings for colonisation which arose from 

 the marriages of Kentish princesses with sovereigns and princes of other States, 

 the necessity for military colonists on the frontiers of the expanding States, and 

 zeal for Christian missionary work, of which Kent was the centre. 



The author collected evidence of Kentish colonies in (1) the Isle of Wight 

 and in 8. Hampshire,^ probably the earliest migration from Kent, which is indi- 

 cated by the similarity of place names. This settlement probably extended into 

 Dorset, where ganelkind long prevailed at Wareham. 



(2) S. W. Herefordshire (Archenfield district) : Jutish and Kentish place names, 

 such as Kentchurcli ; gareUciiid of the Kentish type (as distinct from the Welsh 

 type) ; - and a number of other Kentish customs (which survived until the sixteenth 

 century). 



(3) Yorkshire : gavelkind existed on the lands which formed the Fee of 

 St. Peter's, York, e.g. Knaresborough ; in the honour of Kiehmond, where the 

 inferior tenants enjoyed some of the same privileges as in Kent. Place names in 

 Eichmondshire, e.g. the Swale River. The alternative name of Gillingshire for 

 this district arose Irom the monastery of Gilling, founded by the grand-daughter 

 of the first Christian King of Kent. 



(4) Nottinghamshire and Leicestershire : Kentish and Jutish place names, also 

 ffavelkind. The earliest form of the name of Leicestershire, viz. Lcetheceester-scir, 

 which occurs in a.d. 679, before the earliest Danish invasion, may point to the 

 division of the county into laths, as in Kent ; the present Hundred names of the 

 county were probably ancient Lath names. These hundreds were divided.^ 



(5) Wcstinoreland: Kentish names like Kentdale, Kendal, and Kentmere, and 

 the survival among the Kendal tenants of some of the special privileges of gavel- 



' T. W. Shore. Antiqnary, March 1890. 



■ Glanville {Temp. Henry II.') says that gavelldnd tenure was only recognised in 

 ilie Law Courts of the twelfth century in those places where it could be proved, as 

 in Kent, that the lands always had been divided. 



" J. H, Round, Feudal Enjland. 



