•746 JOUJiXAL, BOMBAY XATUliAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXI. 



Papn (PL 1, Fig. lo a.) — Is very like that of P. tamllana in shape and 

 colour; except that, as regards the shape, the dorsal line is much straighter, 

 the front part formed by segments l-o not being thrown back at such an 

 .angle as in that species ; the thorax is slightly less humped, the headpoints 

 are longer: nearly as long as they are in the pupa of Papilio pamon. There 

 •is a very slight carination in the dorsal line from segment 2 to cremaster. 

 Spiracles small, oval-linear, the same colour as the body of i)upa. Surface 

 dull and more or less smooth. Cremaster strong and square at end. Colour 

 dark green ventrally much lighter dorsal/ y to approximate to the upper and 

 Tinderside of the leaf of the plant it feeds on; dorsal line, dorsoventral line 

 -from cremaster to shoulders and ventral suture-line of wings, all yellow ; 

 ithere is a subdorsal jet-black spot on segments G. L: 32 mm : L: 10 

 mm. at middle. 



Hdhiis. — The egg is laid on young shoots, or on the top of an 

 .old leaf in the monsoon months. The larv« prefer leaves that ai'e 

 not too. young as food ; the}^ lie in the centre of the upperside of 

 leaves on a bed of silk, separatelj^ of course: that is, never more than 

 one on any one leaf; and the j^ellow speckling of their skins makes 

 it difficult to see them as the leaves of the foodplant are very simi- 

 ilarly marked with spots produced by the agency of some insect. 

 The pupa is almost invariably formed on the foodplanl, hanging 

 from, and attached to, a twig or twig and leaf — midrib with a moder- 

 ,ately long bod3'-band and strong tail fixing; thus hanging with the 

 light coloured back showing to an observer on the ground among 

 •,the light green leaf-undersides while the dark ventral green, directed 

 aipwards, harmonises with the dark green of the uppersides of the 

 ileaves to aid in protecting it against detection from above. The 

 .osmeteria are I'eddish in colour but the larva does not often 

 make use of them, that is, it rareh^ protrudes these scent-organs. 

 The imago is not really a butterfly of the Plains as distinguished 

 from the Hills, though it is perhaps fonder of open scrubby jungle 

 and continuous sun-shine than most other swallowtails. Its 

 ihabitat is given as Southern India and it seems to be confined to 

 the western coast where it is perhaps commonest in the low hills 

 , along the sea, board wherever its foodplant is found ; it certainly 

 iranges from sea level up to 2,000 feet. Its range is most probablj?" 

 .detei'mined by heavjr rainfall. As indicated above, this beautiful 

 iOutterfly rejoices in the hottest sunshine and in the Kanara 

 district, where it is ver}^ fairly plentiful, it olfers one of the most 



