754 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXI. 



head processes and a short one on thorax, base of this latter process nearly 

 perpendicularly over anterior end of pupa, ventrum flattened, dorsum* 

 transversely convex. Head with two short, thick, diverging, square- 

 topped processes, slightly compressed dorsally and ventrally, ventral side- 

 being in the plane of the pupal ventrum. Segment 2 nearly perpendicular 

 to longitudinal axis of pupa as to its dorsal line ; the dorsal line of thorax 

 parallel to that axis, the apex produced out over slope of segment 2 into a 

 1'5 mm. long, 1 mm. thick, flat-topped point at an angle of 105° with front 

 slope of segment 2, the dorsal side of it in continuation with dorsal line of 

 pupa to which it is inclined at 136° ; the inner margin of wing (lateral line- 

 of pupa) is raised on ridges, the ridge running up to and on to the thoracic 

 process : there is no constriction about segment 5 ; the wings are expanded 

 slightly in a rounded curve laterally at segments 5 and 6 where the pupa 

 is consequently broader than anywhere else ; the dorsal line from cremaster 

 farward to apex of thorax is slightly convex, the ventral line is quite 

 straight ; cremaster is 4-sided, hollowed out ventrally in the middle some- 

 what, narrower at end than at base ; the abdomen is somewhat 4-sided 

 in transverse section, the ventrum and dorsum being flattened. Surface 

 is rugose with exception of wings, dull. Spiracle of segment 2 indicated! 

 by circular depression or pit divided by the segment margin 2/3 which 

 crosses it as a ledge, the spiracle being situated at the bottom of the front 

 half ; other spiracles are oval with central, narrow, raised yellowish ovals, 

 and are the colour of the pupa. Colour of the pupa is a very dark rosy 

 brown with the ridges lighter. L : 26mm. ; B : 9mm. ; H : 8mm. 



Habits. — The egg, of the usual shape and colour, slightlj^ shinj^^ 

 is laid singly on the upperside of a tender leaf where the yoiing- 

 larva, emerging, lives in the usual way : tying along the midrib- 

 near the point on a bed of silk. It is dark in colour when it first 

 emerges, has the usual forked spines and is distinguished by 

 having a dorsal white region on abdomen. It is sluggish, walks- 

 with a halting gait and wanders very little except at the end when 

 about to pupate. At that time it turns pinkish all over under the 

 former colour and, descending to the ground, gets under a stone,, 

 a clod of earth, or under a dead leaf where it strings itself up by 

 the tail and a short, tight bodj'-band in a horizontal position more- 

 or less, its back downwards, and there undergoes the change into- 

 the pupa in semi-darkness. The butterfly has only one brood as a 

 very general rule ; the early caterpillars of April- June, of which 

 there are always few, form pupae some of which emerge in a fort- 

 night or so ; but the great majority of the chrysalides lie over for 



