1150 JOVRNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, FoL XXI. 



Pupa. — (PI. 1, figure 17.) Head round in front surmounted on its vertex 

 by two subdorsal [cylindrical, round-topped, short tubercles, one on each 

 side ; and with a single central, short spherical, very short-pedicelledi 

 tubercle, pointing straight forward. 2nd segment highly carinated in 

 dorsal line and slightly convex. Thorax also carniated in dorsal line, but 

 separated from 2nd segment by a depression, sloping up considerably tO' 

 apex and down again to 4th segment, short, with a broad base-short 

 tubercle on the shoulder, convex. Wing-line very slightly laterally ex- 

 panded at the commencement, flush afterwards. Abdomen circular in 

 transverse section, swollen at the 7th segment which is the stoutest part of 

 the body, decreasing gradually afterwards to the stout triangular 

 cremaster which is curved down at the end. There is a dorsal row 

 of pointed, conical, rather large tubercles, a subdorsal row of much 

 smaller ones on segments 2 to 12 (the dorsal ones only on seg- 

 ments 6 to 11) and a supraspiracular row on segments 3 to 9. The surface 

 is glabrous, shiny, and of a slightly greenish, light yellow. The 

 front tubercle of head, all the dorsal tubercles, the lateral tubercles 

 of segments 6 to 9, are shiny black. There is a shiny black mark dorsally 

 on the very front of the thorax, on the eye-ball, and behind the 

 shoulder-tubercle ; also, generally, a black, curved line round the front 

 of the shoulder-tubercle, round the front of the eye-ball, and triangular 

 marks along the terminal margin of wings, six to each ; the antennse 

 are sometimes transversely striated with black and the inner margin 

 of wings, underside of head and space between the antennse are often 

 thickly lined with black ; the abdomen is patched laterally with black on 

 the 10th to 12th segments ; the sides, underside, the base of cremaster are 

 marked more or less with the same shiny black. L : 2.5mm.; B : 7mm. 



Habits. — The eggs are laid in batches of 10 to 20 on the under- 

 side of a leaf, without order of an}^ sort though close together. 

 The larvae on emerging proceed to eat the egg-shell and generally 

 demolish each its own totallj^ before moving off. The whole 

 brood then goes off one after the other, closely following each 

 other, to the margin of the leaf which is nearly always an old 

 one and never a very young one. They commence feeding side 

 by side, finishing one leaf after another ; and they live like this 

 right through all the stages. They are always badly parasitised 

 and generally by Birtera or flies. They are sluggish in their 

 movements and drop by a silk when disturbed, though not very 

 readily. When about to pupate, each larva goes off by itself and 

 ties itself up by a tail-pad and body-string to a horizontal or 

 perpendicular surface, the attachment being strong and the body- 



