1156 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXI.. 



margin straight and slopes up towards thorax at a small angle. The thorax: 

 is very convex, not long, highly carinated as already mentioned in. 

 dorsal line, the hinder margin a gentle curve meeting the wing-line- 

 in a largely-rounded, open angle of rather less than 90°. There is a 

 slight constriction between thorax and abdomen dorsaUy, none 

 laterally. The pupa at shoulders is broader than at the hinder- 

 margin of segment 2, and slightly tuberculate, after which the breadth 

 of the body gradually decreases up to base of the lateral tooth on segment 

 7 ; after this it again decreases gradually to cremaster ; the keel of the- 

 thorax runs into the dorsal line of segment 4 ; the ventral line of pupa is 

 only slightly curved along suture-line of wings towards apices of these, the 

 ventral line of snout of head is in a higher though parallel plane to the 

 rest. The cremaster is square, forming, as usual, the end of segment IS^ 

 which is trapeze-shaped ; the former has strong extensor ridges dorsally,. 

 ending behind in little knobs, the suspensory booklets being at the extre- 

 mity between the knobs ; the ventral ridges are curved towards each other. 

 The surface of pupa is finely transversely impressed-lined, mostly very 

 irregularly so though fairly closely ; on the thorax and front segments the 

 lines are in all directions ; the membranes (intersegmental) between seg- 

 ments 8, 9 and 10 are broadly exposed ; the subdorsal and supraspira- 

 cular tubercles of larva exist here as conspicuous, small, nearly hemis- 

 pherical bosses on all segments but bear no hairs; the dorsolateral ones are- 

 less prominently indicated at hinder margin of segments ; the antennse 

 reach end of wings. The spiracles of segment 2 are indicated by a rounded 

 slight thickening in a curve of front margin of segment 3, rather long and' 

 smooth ; others are white, broadly oval, of medium size, with a fine, brown 

 border, slightly raised; there are short, fine hairs round eyes and on head 

 vertex only. The colour of pupa is green with a faint supraspiracular band 

 representing those of the larva ; top of thoracic carina is black behind, 

 yellowish in front ; end of snout is yellow, the sides are black as also> 

 shoulder points and teeth of segment 7 ; tubercles all black ; abdomen 

 tinged yellow ; wings marked with black ; the surface of abdomen is also 

 pitted. Sometimes the pupa is greyish bone-coloured and then the 

 tubercles are bright orange-yellow. L : 23mm .; B : 26mm. 



}f obits. — The eggs are laid in clusters up to 200 in a batch on' 

 the young shoots or the undersides of young leaves ; the larvae 

 eat their way out near the top as a rule and as often as not do nofe 

 eat the egg-shell ; they herd together during the first stages but 

 separate in the last, feeding all the time on the young succulent 

 parts of the plant ; they eat voraciously and grow rapidly like all 

 the others of the family. The pupation often takes place in-' 

 company, one close up against the other on a perpendicular" 



