1172 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HL8T. SOCIETY, Vol. XXI. 



basaltic or trap formation. The Mulnad is composed of undulating 

 clay-slate hills, which l^ecome covered with basalt to the north. 

 This trap formation extends in a slanting direction from south- 

 Avest to north-east nearly coinciding with a line drawn from 

 (Sadasheaghur on the coast, to Beejapoor and Sholapoor — and, what 

 is remarkable, is almost coincident with that marking the separation 

 of the two great tribes of the popidation using totally distinct 

 languages- — the Mahrattas and Oanarese. '" 



" The hills to the north-east and east are all of primitive sand- 

 stone, sometimes resting on schists, sometimes immediately on the 

 granite, which latter is the rock nearest the surface in the central 

 and eastern plains. But a well defined range of hills to the south- 

 west, called the Kupputgud, is entirely composed of micaceous and 

 clay-slates, resting on granite. The hills more to the north and 

 north-west are basaltic. The extensive plains lying between these 

 different lines of hills and eminences are composed of the rich, black 

 mould, called regur, or cotton ground, resulting from decomposed 

 basaltic rocks. To the north-east a considerable tract of limestone 

 is found, resting on the sandstone, about Bagalkote. Badami 

 Hungund, Mudibihsal, etc. ..." 



Mr. Shortridge has furnished the following short notes on the 

 actual localities in which he collected : — 



•' Dharwar- — Chiefly red Mulnad country, except to the north, 

 where there are large areas of black cotton soil. Flat or un- 

 dulating with a few bare rocky hills to the east. Those on the 

 west being more or less covered with scrub which gradually 

 changes into forest as the Kanara border is approached. 

 Large areas under cultivation. Altitude 2,500 feet. " 

 " The prolific results of the collections throughout the district 

 are largely due to the active and invaluable assistance 

 received from Mr. K. M. Phillips, D.S.P., whose guest I was 

 during the whole of my two months' staj^ in Dharwar, 

 while many thanks are also due to Mr. E. Macconochie, 

 I.O.S., the Collector of the District, for his kindness and 

 help, particularly in instructing and causing the native 

 officials in all of the places I visited to give me a great deal 

 of assistance." 



