MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 1363 



waters and to places on the deep-sea bottom where the conditions were 

 more congenial to them and deserted the places where they formerly 

 lived. 



Occasionally, during this period of slow elevation, movement was arrested, 

 the sea deepened and for a space, similar conditions to those that prevailed 

 when the " Belteram " zone was being laid down, induced a few Ammonites, 

 Belemnites, &c., to return and the remains of some of them are found where 

 they died. The uplifting movement began afresh and the survivors fled 

 when the argillaceous material began to envelop them again. 



As the sea shallowed sufficiently to bring the area within the " Thalassia 

 zone " of deposit, the sandstones of the Upper Charwar Age and of the 

 Upper Jurassic Epoch were laid down over the Charwar shales. 



The processes of sedimentation and movement kept pace till all the beds 

 of Upper Jurassic age exposed within the area were laid down and then 

 the crushing was accentuated and folding, along an axis parallel to the 

 existing shore-line began, resulting in an anticlinal fold that was faulted 

 along its crest when the movement became more intense. 



About this time probably, the Charwar range came into being along the 

 fault-line, as a faulted shale anticline forming a sea-clifi". Denudation 

 removed this cliff backward, the sea encroached and planed down the 

 shales, exposing the in-lier of "Belteram," which now formed part of the 

 sea bottom. 



Boulders were torn from, these beds by the waves and dragged back and 

 forth and left at various points of the sea bed, composed of the white Bhuj 

 sandstones. The sea floor was finally elevated and the " Belteram " beds 

 exposed in intimate contact with the white sandstones, along a line of 

 fracture down throwing to Northward, that ran along the Belteram anti- 

 clinal. 



As the movement became concentrated and localized along the fault, a 

 series of domes were formed along the fold and gave rise to the line of 

 circular hills referred to. 



The fault often cuts along the crest of the fold and the fossiliferous, 

 dark crimson, vanguard ridges, are probably the lowest beds exposed 

 within the area. 



The " Belteram " in-lier itself, forms an elongated dome, allowing the 

 overlying Charwar shales to come in against the fault in the Nulla beyond 

 the Barapur road. 



The shales and " Belteram " beds exposed on the Bhuj side and beyond 

 Dhonsar, are evidently the same series that form the Charwar range and 

 " Belteram " hills, outcropping from below the Bhuj sandstones across 

 the fault. 



H. J. DAVIES, F.G.s. 



Camp Lbdaung, 11th August 1912. 



