NOTES ON THE THEORY OF ELECTRONS 



William Duane 



According to the Faraday- Maxwell Theory, the following laws 

 are true for the ether: 



1st, The line integral of the electric force, or the E. M. F, 

 around any closed curve, fixed in space, equals the rate at which the 

 lines of magnetic force through any surface bounded by the curve 

 decrease, the positive direction of line integration, and the positive 

 direction of the lines of force through the surface being related to 

 each other as the motion of rotation and translation of a right- 

 handed screw. 



2d. The line integral of the magnetic force, or the magneto- 

 motive force around any closed curve, fixed in space, equals the rate 

 of increase of the number of lines of electric force through any sur- 

 face bounded by the curve. 



The first law is a generalization from Faraday's law of induced 

 currents, and applies, even if the change in the number of lines of 

 magnetic force is due to the motion of magnets, provided the surface 

 considered does not pass through magnetic matter. We may remove 

 the last provision if we assume that magnetization in magnetic mat- 

 ter is due to the orientation of those small elementary magnets that 

 are assumed on the Ampere- Weber hypothesis to constitute a mag- 

 net, for in this case the lines of induction consist of the lines of 

 force of the field plus the lines of force due to said orientation. 

 Adopting this hypothesis, the first law is perfectly general, and 

 applies to the cases where the changes in the magnetic field are 

 due to the motion of translation and rotation of the elementary mag- 

 nets, as well as to those where the changes are due to the inductive 

 effects of the electric force. 



