THE BASIS OF SOCIALITY 249 



may be pitted against society is when the function of a part is 

 prejudicial to organic survival. Such conduct is manifestly suicidal 

 and, comparatively speaking, non -transmissible. It is, however, still 

 a matter of sociality in that it is the service rendered by a part in an 

 organized whole. It is, however, to be classed in what may be termed 

 pathological as opposed to normal sociology. The truest part of man, 

 the best and most righteous, is that which is most speciiic and most 

 altruistic, that which contributes most to social organic welfare, which 

 again must be defined in terms of survival of well -provided -for 

 progeny. True selfishness or sin is that service rendered the whole 

 which is for the individual's own immediate benefit and which is 

 harmful to the body politic of which it forms a part. It may be in- 

 cidentally mentioned at this point that on this basis a standard of 

 values can be established in ethical matters — an impossible matter if 

 the ethical standard is one of motives or happiness. The action of 

 an educated man who can foresee future results is of more value than 

 that of an ignorant man ruled by a few unbending motives. 



The struggle for existence is a secondary law, being subordinate 

 and subservient to the law of social service. The social service of the 

 parts is improved by the betterment of the parts. Hence the worth 

 of personality and individuality; hence the struggle for freedom in 

 history. Self-preservation, self-control, and the perfection of one's 

 own personality are duties, and imperative duties at that, but not cate- 

 gorical imperatives. "The perfection of one's powers" is, after all, 

 only a means of obeying the categorical imperative of social service. 

 It is here that we find the supreme court of appeal, from which there 

 is no recourse. It may also be well to point out that from the biolog- 

 ical and sociological standpoint it is not so much a question of the 

 survival of individuals as a question of the survival of the best com- 

 bination of parts — a much wider view. 



This grounding of the social in the universal phenomena of the 

 division of labor throws a strong light on certain prevalent theories 

 as to the nature of sociology. One of the most prominent character- 

 istics of this division of labor is the differentiation of parts. Inte- 

 gration of parts means the connected play of these parts, so that if 



