254 UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO STUDIES 



evolution resulted from the bilateralism, and a specialization of the 

 senses and central nervous system without parallel ensued. The 

 extensive specialization of the sense and motor organs of the body, 

 although marvelous, is carried to still greater limits by means of 

 extra-organic instruments. The evolution of organs is continued in 

 technic.C^ 



The differentiation being given, integration or organization be- 

 comes possible. The more absolutely alike the parts may be, the 

 less likelihood there will be of a superior organization. The 

 Quakers, for instance, possess little capacity for political organization, 

 because of the uniformity of the individuals of that persuasion. 

 Tlie benefits accruing from division of labor are lost, viz., the avoid- 

 ance of waste effort, the increase in amount of work performed, the 

 improvement in quality, the adaptation of the work to the natural 

 aptitude of the workers, the greater security of the species or 

 society, etc. Thus integration may not necessarily mean the intro- 

 duction of a caste or military system ; it may not follow as a logical 

 consequence that there is an Ueber- and Untereinander^ but it does 

 imply a Mitcinander. It may not necessitate equality or similarity 

 of parts, but it does imply efficiency of service of the parts, which 

 efficiency is generally in proportion to the difference in the parts. 

 The survival of the unlike defines the fittest to be the unlike, and 

 if, as Roux says, there is a Kamjpf der Theile^ it is, we may add, 

 iin Interesse des Ganzen. Every man is his brother's keeper in 

 the sense that each specialist must needs be supported by other spec- 

 ialists.(^) Organizations, institutions, culture, and civilization must 

 be defined, not as products of interaction, but as such and such inter- 

 actions of different parts. 



(1) Otto Wiener, T>ie Erweiteruvg unserer Sinne, Leipzig, 1900. 



(2; Hegel's statement that he who pursues a special occupation or profession does not lower 

 himself, but only thus becomes ein rechter Mensch, has much truth in it. 



