324 UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO STUDIES 



inhabitants. Since the destruction of the army of Le Clerc by the 

 blacks, the French control had been only in name, for the island had 

 been in a state of anarchy with rival chieftains contending for su- 

 premacy and receiving aid and comfort from the filibustering expe- 

 ditions that came openly from the United States. Unable to sup- 

 press either the blacks or these expeditions himself, Napoleon de- 

 manded that the United States government should do this for him, 

 and three times within a year his minister Tallerand said "must" to 

 Jefferson. ('^ The President of the United States responded to the 

 orders of the French Emperor, "to take the most prompt, as well as 

 the most effective prohibitory measures"^^^ to put a stop to these ex- 

 peditions, and the administration's party pushed a bill through con- 

 gress to check them.^^^ 



Revolution in the island continued to run its course in spite of 

 France and the United States. Out of the chaos of petty chieftains 

 arose one Dessalines, in 1804, to crown himself at Port-au-Prince as 

 James the First. Two years later Christophe, his successor by the 

 right of assassination, obtained a control of the Haytian end of the 

 island which he soon had to share with a rival chieftain Petion. 

 Dividing Hayti by an east and west line, Christophe, who assumed 

 the title of Henry I, in 1811, ruled the north, while Petion controlled 

 the south; and the division endured for nearly fifteen years. Then 

 a full-blooded negro, Henri Boyer, succeeded Petion in the south, 

 and marched north across the island to Cape Haytien. The subjects 

 of Christophe welcomed him, the troops mutined in his favor, Chris- 

 tophe himself died by suicide or assassination, and Boyer proclaimed 

 himself President of Hayti on October 22nd, 1820.^*) 



The administration of President Boyer lasted for twenty-four 

 years. Within two years of his accession he obtained control of the 



(1) Henry Adams, History of the United States, III. 90. 



(2) Turreau to Secretary of State, 14 October, 1805, American State Papers, Foreign Relations, 



II., 725. 



(3) Annals of Congress. 9th Consr. 1st session. Pagre 21 and following. 



(4) Niles Register, XIX, 202, 220; B. C. Clark: A Plea for Hayti, with a glance at her Relations 



with France, England and the United States, for the last sixty years. Boston, 2 ed, 1853, 

 P. 4; J. Redpath: A Guide to Hayti. Boston, 1861, P. 19; S. Hazard, Santo Domingo, 

 Past and Present ; with a glance at Hayti. New York, 1873, P. 162, 



