chap, x.] THE PAL^ARCTIC REGION. 205 



the scinks is represented by Scincus found in North Africa and 

 Arabia. Besides these Scps, a genus of sand lizards (Sepidee) and 

 Agama, a genus of Agarnidse, are abundant and characteristic. 



Of Amphibia we have Seiranota, a genus of salamanders 

 found only in Italy and Dalmatia ; Chioglossa, in Portugal, and 

 Geotriton, in Italy, belonging to the same family, are equally 

 peculiar to the sub-region. 



Freshivater Fish. — One of the most interesting is Tellia, a 

 genus of Cyprinodontidse found only in alpine pools in the 

 Atlas mountains. Paraphoxinius, found in South-East Europe, 

 and Chondrostoma, in Europe and Western Asia, genera of Cypri- 

 midse, seem almost peculiar to this sub-region. 



Insects — Lcpidoptcra. — Two genera of butterflies, Thais and 

 Boritis, are wholly confined to this sub-region, the former 

 ranging over all Southern Europe, the latter confined to Eastern 

 Europe and Asia Minor. Anthocharis and Zegris are very cha- 

 racteristic of it, the latter only extending into South Eussia, 

 while Banais, Charaxes, and Libythca are tropical genera un- 

 known in other parts of Europe. 



Coleoptera, — This sub-region is very rich in many groups of 

 Coleoptera, of which a few only can be noticed here. Among 

 Carabidse it possesses Procerus and Procrustes, almost exclusively, 

 while Brachinus, Cymindis, Lcbia, Graphipterus, Scarites, Chlce- 

 nius, Calathus, and many others, are abundant and characteristic. 

 Among Lamellicorns — Copridre, Glaphyridoe, Melolonthidse, and 

 Cetoniidse abound. Buprestida? are plentiful, the genera Julodis, 

 Acmceodera, Buprestis, and Sphenoptera being characteristic. 

 Among Malacoderms — Cebrionidae, Lanipyridre, and Malachiidee 

 abound. The Tenebrioid Heteromera are very varied and abun- 

 dant, and give a character to the sub-region. The Mylabridse, 

 Cantharidse, and OZdemeridae are also characteristic. Of the 

 immense number of Curculionidse — Thylacites, Brachycerus, 

 Lixus, and Acalles may be mentioned as among the most pro- 

 minent. Of Longicorns there are few genera especially cha- 

 racteristic, but perhaps Prinobius, Purpuricenus, Hespei-ophanes, 

 and Parmena are most so. Of the remaining families, we may 

 mention Clythridse, Hispidse, and Cassididae as being abundant. 



