222 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi. 



Mammalia. — This sub-region contains a number of peculiar 

 and very interesting forms, most of which have been recently 

 discovered by Pere David in North and West China and East 

 Thibet. The following are the peculiar genera : — Rhinopithecus, 

 a sub-genus of monkeys, here classed under Semnopitheous ; 

 Anurosorex, Scaptochirus, Uropsilus and Scaptonyx, new forms of 

 Talpidse or moles ; JEluropus (^Eluridae) ; Nyctereutes (Canidae) ; 

 Lutronectes (Mustelidre) ; Cricetulus (Muridse) ; Hydropotes, Mos- 

 chus, and Elaphodus (Cervidse). The Rhinopithecus appears to 

 be a permanent inhabitant of the highest forests of Moupin, 

 in a cold climate. It has a very thick fur, as has also a new 

 species of Macacus found in the same district. North China and 

 East Thibet seem to be very rich in Insectivora. Scaptochirus is 

 like a mole ; Uropsilus between the Japanese Urotrichus and 

 Sorcx ; Scaptonyx between Urotrichus and Talpa. JEluropus 

 seems to be the most remarkable mammal discovered by Pere 

 David. It is allied to the singular panda (JElurus fidgcns) of 

 Nepal, but is as large as a bear, the body wholly white, with 

 the feet, ears, and tip of the tail black. It inhabits the highest 

 forests, and is therefore a true Palsearctic animal, as most likely 

 is the JElurus. Nyctereutes, a curious racoon-like dog, ranges 

 from Canton to North China, the Amoor and Japan, and there- 

 fore seems to come best in this sub-region ; Hydropotes and 

 Lophotragus are small hornless deer confined to North China ; 

 Elaphodus, from East Thibet, is another peculiar form of deer ; 

 while the musk deer (Moschus) is confined to this sub-region and 

 the last. Besides the above, the following Palaearctic genera 

 were found by Pere David in this sub-region : Macacus ; five 

 genera or sub-genera of bats ( Vespertilio, Vesperus, Vesperugo, 

 Rhinolophus, and Murina) ; Erinaceus, Nectogale, Talpa, Croci- 

 dura and Sorex, among Insectivora; Mustela, Putorius, Martes, 

 Lutra, Viverra, Meles, JElurus, Ursus, Felis, and Canis, among 

 Carnivora ; Hystrix, Arctomys, Myospalax, Spermophilus, Ger- 

 billus, Dipus, Lagomys, Lepus, Sciurus, Pteromys, Arvicola, and 

 Mus, among Rodentia; Budorcas, Ncmorhedus, Antilope, Ovis, 

 Moschus, Cervidus and Cervus among Ruminants ; and the wide- 

 spread Sus or wild boar. The following Oriental genera are also 



