332 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi. 



a genus of Ceciliadae, is peculiar to the Khasya Hills ; Tylo- 

 tritron (Salamandridae) to Yunan in Western China, and perhaps 

 belongs to the Palaearctic region. 



Of the tail-less Batrachians, Glyphoglossus is found in Pegu ; 

 Xenophys in the Eastern Himalayas; while Callula, Ixalus, 

 Rhacophorus, Hylurana, Oxyglossus, and Phrynoglossus, are com- 

 mon to the Himalo-Chinese and Malayan sub-regions. 



Of the lizards, Colotes, Barycephalus, and Hinulia, — and of 

 the Batrachia, Bufo, — are found at above 11,000 feet elevation in 

 the Himalayas. 



Insects. — So little has been done in working out the insect 

 faunas of the separate sub-regions, that they cannot be treated 

 in detail, and the reader is referred to the chapter on the dis- 

 tribution of insects in the part of this work devoted to Geogra- 

 phical Zoology. • A few particulars may, however, be given as to 

 the butterflies, which have been more systematically collected in 

 tropical countries than any other order of insects. The Hima- 

 layan butterflies, especially in the eastern portions of the range — 

 in Assam and the Khasya Hills — are remarkably fine and very 

 abundant ; yet all the larger groups extend into the Malayan 

 sub-region, many to Ceylon, and a considerable proportion even 

 to Africa and Austro-Malaya. There are a large number of 

 peculiar types, but most of them consist of few or single species. 

 Such are Neope, Orenoma, and Rhaphicera, gener a of Satyridse ; 

 Enispe (Morphidse) ; Hestina, Penthema, and Abrota (Nympha- 

 lidae) ; Dodona (Erycinidas) ; Ilerda (Lycsenidse) ; Calinaga, Teino- 

 palpus, and Bhutanitis (Papilionidae). Its more prominent fea- 

 tures are, however, derived from what may be termed Malayan, 

 or even Old World types, such as Euplcea, among Danaidae; 

 Amathusia, Chrome, and Thaumantis, among Morphidae ; Euripus, 

 Diadema, Athyma, Limenitis, and Adolias, among Nymphalidse, 

 Zemeros and Taxila among Erycinidse ; Amblypodia, Miletus, 

 Ilerda, and Myrina, among Lycasnidae ; Thyea, Prioneris, Dercas, 

 Iphias, and Thestias among Pieridae ; and Papilios of the 

 " Amphrisius," " Coon," " Philoxemts," " Protenor," " Paris," and 

 " Sarpedon " groups. In the Himalayas there is an unusual 

 abundance of large and gorgeous species of the genus Papilio, 



